Hole's Human Anatomy & Physiology (Shier), 12th Edition

Learning Outcome 12.2

1			A nociceptor is a type of _____ receptor.
			A)	mechano
			B)	photo
			C)	chemo
			D)	pain

Learning Outcome 12.2

2			Pressoreceptors respond to changes in stimuli such as _____.
			A)	pressure around the arms
			B)	pressure within a vessel
			C)	intensity of light variations
			D)	increases in sound levels

Learning Outcome 12.2

3			Sensory adaptation occurs when stimuli become _____.
			A)	gradually ignored
			B)	increased in intensity
			C)	lessened in intensity
			D)	forgotten

Learning Outcome 12.2

4			Stimulation of a _____usually results in pain.
			A)	Meissner corpuscle
			B)	Pacinian Corpuscle
			C)	visceroceptor
			D)	free nerve ending

Learning Outcome 12.8

5			The movements in breathing can be detected by the _____ in the tendons of the thorax.
			A)	spindles
			B)	Golgi organs
			C)	Golgi bodies
			D)	free nerve endings

Learning Outcome 12.8

6			A stretch reflex occurs when the intrafusal fibers of a _____ are stimulated.
			A)	muscle spindle
			B)	muscle fiber
			C)	Golgi tendon organ
			D)	motor unit

Learning Outcome 12.9

7			The _____ are the actual areas that respond to chemical stimulations for the sense of smell.
			A)	olfactory lobes
			B)	olfactory mucous membrane cells
			C)	cilia on olfactory cells
			D)	olfactory organs

Learning Outcome 12.9

8			The olfactory receptor cells are examples of _____ neurons.
			A)	sensory
			B)	multipolar
			C)	association
			D)	bipolar

Learning Outcome 12.9

9			Which area allows one to perceive the aroma of a pizza?
			A)	olfactory bulb
			B)	olfactory lobe
			C)	olfactory cortex
			D)	olfactory tracts

Learning Outcome 12.10

10			The connection between the cochlear hair cells and the VIII cranial nerve are made by _____.
			A)	direct contact
			B)	release of neurotransmitter
			C)	the axons in contact
			D)	the dendrites in contact

Learning Outcome 12.10

11			The intensity of sounds is measured in units of _____.
			A)	mV
			B)	amperes
			C)	daltons
			D)	dB

Learning Outcome 12.10

12			The auditory perception center is located within the _____.
			A)	medial geniculate body of thalamus
			B)	midbrain
			C)	temporal lobe
			D)	medulla oblongata

Learning Outcome 12.10

13			Which type of deafness can be treated by a cochlear implant?
			A)	presbyacusis
			B)	conductive
			C)	sensorineural
			D)	otosclerosis

Learning Outcome 12.11

14			The following belong together except which one?
			A)	dynamic equilibrium
			B)	vestibule
			C)	static equilibrium
			D)	utricle

Learning Outcome 12.10

15			The maculae can be found in the _____.
			A)	cochlear duct
			B)	saccule
			C)	semicircular canals
			D)	semicircular ducts

Learning Outcome 12.13

16			Which of the following is decomposed under light?
			A)	vitamin A
			B)	retinene
			C)	rhodopsin
			D)	iodopsin

Learning Outcome 12.2

17			A sensory receptor capable of detecting changes in hydrogen ion concentration is more accurately described as a ______________.
			A)	thermoreceptor
			B)	pain receptor
			C)	mechanoreceptor
			D)	chemoreceptor

Learning Outcome 12.6

18			Heavy pressure and vibrations stimulate ________________.
			A)	proprioceptors
			B)	baroreceptors
			C)	Meissner's corpuscles
			D)	Pacinian corpuscles

Learning Outcome 12.7

19			Choose the statement about the sense of pain that is correct.
			A)	Pain receptors are among many types of receptors in the viscera that produce sensations.
			B)	A phenomenon known as referred pain can be explained because of common nerve pathways used by both the skin and internal organs.
			C)	Acute pain fibers are never myelinated.
			D)	Chronic pain fibers stop sending signals as soon as the stimulus ceases.

Learning Outcome 12.8

20			What type of somatic receptor lies within tendons close to the point of attachment to muscles and is stimulated by increased muscular tension?
			A)	Golgi tendon organ
			B)	muscle spindle
			C)	free nerve ending
			D)	Meissner’s corpuscle

Learning Outcome 12.2

21			Light skin touch is sensed by _____ receptors.
			A)	Pacinian
			B)	Meissner
			C)	free nerve endings
			D)	nociceptor

Learning Outcome 12.2

22			At a temperature of 50 degrees C, the most likely perception of a skin sensation is one of _____.
			A)	cold
			B)	heat
			C)	pain
			D)	freezing

Learning Outcome 12.2

23			Of the following, which can least likely undergo adaptation?
			A)	thermoreceptors
			B)	mechanoreceptors
			C)	photoreceptors
			D)	pain receptors

Learning Outcome 12.7

24			Pain in the left arm caused by lack of blood to the heart is a type of _____ pain.
			A)	imaginary
			B)	psychological
			C)	referred
			D)	generalized

Learning Outcome 12.7

25			The best explanation for referred pain is that the nerves that are responsible are _____.
			A)	shared between visceral and somatic pathways
			B)	somehow confused within the brain
			C)	over-stimulated
			D)	under-stimulated

Learning Outcome 12.7

26			Pain originating in the parietal pericardium is _____ by the brain.
			A)	ignored
			B)	referred
			C)	usually intensified
			D)	felt directly

Learning Outcome 12.7

27			Which does NOT belong with the other items?
			A)	chronic pain
			B)	acute pain
			C)	A fibers
			D)	spinothalamic tract

Learning Outcome 12.7

28			An analgesic is a drug which usually _____ pain impulses.
			A)	increases
			B)	decreases
			C)	has no effect on
			D)	decreases the threshold for

Learning Outcome 12.7

29			The _____of the brain seems to give one a crude awareness of pain.
			A)	cerebral cortex
			B)	hypothalamus
			C)	thalamus
			D)	hippocampus

Learning Outcome 12.7

30			Which of the following cannot block pain in the brain?
			A)	endorphin
			B)	enkephalin
			C)	acetylcholine
			D)	serotonin

Learning Outcome 12.8

31			The movements in breathing can be detected by the _____ in the tendons of the thorax.
			A)	spindles
			B)	Golgi organs
			C)	Golgi bodies
			D)	free nerve endings

Learning Outcome 12.8

32			A stretch reflex occurs when the intrafusal fibers of a _____ are stimulated.
			A)	muscle spindle
			B)	muscle fiber
			C)	Golgi tendon organ
			D)	motor unit

Learning Outcome 12.9

33			The _____ are the actual areas that respond to chemical stimulations for the sense of smell.
			A)	olfactory lobes
			B)	olfactory mucous membrane cells
			C)	cilia on olfactory cells
			D)	olfactory organs

Learning Outcome 12.9

34			The olfactory receptor cells are examples of _____ neurons.
			A)	sensory
			B)	multipolar
			C)	association
			D)	bipolar

Learning Outcome 12.9

35			Which area allows one to perceive the aroma of a pizza?
			A)	olfactory bulb
			B)	olfactory lobe
			C)	olfactory cortex
			D)	olfactory tracts

Learning Outcome 12.9

36			Which sense is most likely to adapt rapidly?
			A)	taste
			B)	smell
			C)	hearing
			D)	vision

Learning Outcome 12.9

37			A person aged 21 will probably lose _____ of their smell at 22.
			A)	none
			B)	50%
			C)	1%
			D)	5%

Learning Outcome 12.9

38			The visible elevations on the tongue that contain the receptors for taste are the _____.
			A)	taste buds
			B)	taste pores
			C)	papillae
			D)	gustatory cells

Learning Outcome 12.9

39			Which of the following could be detected on the back of the tongue?
			A)	sweet
			B)	sour
			C)	salty
			D)	bitter

Learning Outcome 12.9

40			Which of these does NOT belong with the rest?
			A)	strychnine
			B)	nicotine
			C)	alkaline
			D)	alkaloid

Learning Outcome 12.9

41			The nerves, which convey taste sensations, are the following except which one?
			A)	VII
			B)	VIII
			C)	IX
			D)	vagus

Learning Outcome 12.9

42			The gustatory cortex is located within the _____lobe.
			A)	temporal
			B)	parietal
			C)	occipital
			D)	frontal

Learning Outcome 12.10

43			Which of these does not belong with the others?
			A)	pinna
			B)	external ear
			C)	ceruminous glands
			D)	malleus

Learning Outcome 12.10

44			The purpose of the auricle is to _____sound waves.
			A)	dampen
			B)	increase the intensity of
			C)	act as a collector of
			D)	vibrate in response to

Learning Outcome 12.10

45			The first structure to vibrate in response to sounds is _____.
			A)	auricle
			B)	malleus
			C)	organ of Corti
			D)	tympanic membrane

Learning Outcome 12.10

46			The purpose of the ossicles is to _____ the incoming vibrations.
			A)	lessen the intensity of
			B)	increase the force of
			C)	change the wavelength of
			D)	move with

Learning Outcome 12.10

47			The stapes sends its vibrations to the _____.
			A)	incus
			B)	tympanic membrane
			C)	oval window
			D)	round window

Learning Outcome 12.10

48			Which of these does NOT belong with the others?
			A)	tympanic reflex
			B)	stapedius
			C)	increase sound
			D)	decrease sound

Learning Outcome 12.10

49			The auditory tube acts to equalize pressure between the middle ear and _____.
			A)	throat
			B)	inner ear
			C)	outer ear
			D)	cochlea

Learning Outcome 12.10

50			The term labyrinth refers to the appearance of the _____.
			A)	outer ear
			B)	inner ear
			C)	middle ear
			D)	vestibule

Learning Outcome 12.10

51			The membranous labyrinth contains _____fluid.
			A)	cerebrospinal
			B)	plasma
			C)	endolymph
			D)	perilymph

Learning Outcome 12.10

52			The portion of the inner ear, which detects sounds, is the _____.
			A)	semicircular canals
			B)	osseous labyrinth
			C)	vestibule
			D)	cochlea

Learning Outcome 12.10

53			Reissner's membrane separates the cochlear duct from the _____.
			A)	round window
			B)	scala vestibuli
			C)	scala tympani
			D)	basilar membrane

Learning Outcome 12.10

54			Vibrations from the _____ reach the scala vestibuli first.
			A)	round window
			B)	scala tympani
			C)	oval window
			D)	cochlear duct

Learning Outcome 12.11

55			Stimulation of the crista ampullaris results in _____.
			A)	deafness
			B)	loud sounds
			C)	feeling of motion
			D)	a sense of body position

Learning Outcome 12.12

56			The term for eyelid is _____.
			A)	conjunctiva
			B)	sclera
			C)	levator palpebrae
			D)	palpebra

Learning Outcome 12.12

57			Tears drain into the openings of the _____.
			A)	puncta
			B)	lacrimal sac
			C)	canaliculi
			D)	nasolacrimal duct

Learning Outcome 12.12

58			Movement of the eyeball is effected by muscles innervated mainly by the _____nerve.
			A)	VI
			B)	IV
			C)	oculomotor
			D)	vagus

Learning Outcome 12.12

59			The outer covering of the eye is called the _____.
			A)	vascular tunic
			B)	conjunctiva
			C)	sclera
			D)	choroid layer

Learning Outcome 12.12

60			The suspensory ligaments attach to the _____.
			A)	lens
			B)	sclera
			C)	canal of Schlemm
			D)	iris

Learning Outcome 12.13

61			The process of adjusting vision from a near to a distant object is called _____.
			A)	adaptation
			B)	accommodation
			C)	amblyopia
			D)	cataracts

Learning Outcome 12.12

62			An increase in aqueous fluid pressure is a symptom of _____.
			A)	cataract
			B)	migraine
			C)	glaucoma
			D)	hyperopia

Learning Outcome 12.13

63			Which of the following is the first to come into contact with light?
			A)	rods
			B)	bipolar neurons
			C)	cones
			D)	ganglion cells

Learning Outcome 12.13

64			The point of sharpest retinal vision is called the _____.
			A)	fovea centralis
			B)	macula lutea
			C)	vitreous body
			D)	optic disk

Learning Outcome 12.9

65			The portion(s) of the tongue that actually perceives taste is/are the _____________.
			A)	taste hairs
			B)	papillae
			C)	epithelium of tongue
			D)	taste buds

Learning Outcome 12.9

66			How do the senses of smell and taste differ?
			A)	They differ in the types of receptors they employ.
			B)	They differ in the reproductive rate of the receptors.
			C)	They differ in their rate of sensory adaptation.
			D)	They do not both employ cilia or hair-like extension of their receptor cells.

Learning Outcome 12.9

67			Why do odors sometimes alter our moods?
			A)	Because sensory input from olfaction is routed through the limbic system.
			B)	Because odors act as neurotransmitters and alter brain chemistry.
			C)	Because odors are satisfying to our sense of hunger.
			D)	Odors do not alter mood.

Learning Outcome 12.10

68			The chamber that actually houses the hearing receptors is the __________________.
			A)	vestibule
			B)	semicircular canal
			C)	scala tympani
			D)	cochlear duct

Learning Outcome 12.10

69			After the inner ear has detected vibrations caused by sound, how is the energy dissipated?
			A)	perilymph inside the scala tympani absorbs the sound wave energy
			B)	endolymph inside the cochlear duct absorbs sound wave energy
			C)	air inside the middle ear dissipates the forces caused by vibrations.
			D)	perilymph inside the scala vestibuli absorbs sound wave energy

Learning Outcome 12.11

70			The organs of static equilibrium are located within the ______________ and employ shifting ___________ to set up nerve impulses.
			A)	semicircular canals; gelatinous material
			B)	vestibule; otoliths
			C)	cochlea; fluid
			D)	vestibule; crista ampullaris

Learning Outcome 12.12

71			The inner surface of the eyelids is lined with ______________.
			A)	conjunctiva
			B)	extrinsic eye muscles
			C)	dense connective tissue
			D)	lacrimal apparatus

Learning Outcome 12.13

72			The region on the retina that produces the sharpest vision is called the _______________.
			A)	sclera
			B)	aqueous humor
			C)	fovea centralis
			D)	optic disc

Learning Outcome 12.12

73			Objects are perceived by photoreceptors because the rods or cones _______________ as their _________________ in the presence of light.
			A)	depolarize; pigments are manufactured
			B)	hyperpolarize; pigments decompose
			C)	repolarize; pigments remain unchanged
			D)	depolarize; pigments decompose

Learning Outcome 12.2

74			The ability to sense body position is related to _____ receptors.
			A)	general
			B)	pain
			C)	pressure
			D)	proprioceptors

Learning Outcome 12.12

75			Which muscle moves the eye toward the midline?
			A)	superior oblique
			B)	inferior oblique
			C)	medial rectus
			D)	lateral rectus

Learning Outcome 12.12

76			Which of these is the last in the tear flow sequence?
			A)	lacrimal duct
			B)	nasolacrimal duct
			C)	lacrimal gland
			D)	lacrimal sac

Learning Outcome 12.10

77			The actual receptors for hearing and balance are _______.
			A)	chemoreceptors
			B)	otoliths
			C)	cochlear cells
			D)	hair cells

Learning Outcome 12.10

78			The auditory canal is part of the _____.
			A)	inner ear
			B)	middle ear
			C)	outer ear
			D)	pinna

Learning Outcome 12.10

79			Which is the last structure to vibrate in this sequence?
			A)	malleus
			B)	oval window
			C)	stapes
			D)	incus

Learning Outcome 12.7

80			Monosodium glutamate is a food additive that can cause headaches to occur in some individuals.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 12.7

81			Referred pain is a phenomenon in which the brain mistakes the origin of a painful area for no apparent reason.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 12.7

82			Acupuncture can result in reduced pain from brain release of enkephalins.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 12.7

83			Chronic pain is usually of lower intensity than acute pain and therefore does not result in serious dysfunction.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 12.8

84			A stretch reflex becomes activated when a muscle contracts.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 12.8

85			Golgi tendon organs act to increase the contraction force of the muscle they are part of.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 12.9

86			As one ages, they develop an increased tendency towards anosmia.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 12.9

87			Gustatory refers to the sensation of smells.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 12.9

88			Taste cells are continually reproduced and do not diminish much with age.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 12.9

89			Sweet stimuli are usually organic compounds.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 12.10

90			The external auditory meatus leads into the inner ear.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 12.10

91			The ear wax cerumen contains compounds that repel insects.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 12.10

92			The ossicles are the malleus, incus and cochlea.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 12.10

93			The difference in sound pressure at the tympanic membrane is about 22 times greater than at the inner ear.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 12.10

94			The stapedius muscle inserts on the tympanic membrane.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 12.10

95			It is easier to dampen the intensity of slow occurring sounds than rapid.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 12.10

96			The mucous lining of the middle ear actually increases the probability of developing otitis media from an external cause.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 12.10

97			The round window equalizes pressure between the middle ear and inner ear.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 12.10

98			The detection of various frequencies of sound is made possible by the structure of the hair cells.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 12.10

99			Human hearing responds to 20-20,000 Hz equally in all ranges.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 12.12

100			The right occipital lobe receives information from the right eye only.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 12.2

101			Proprioceptors respond to changes in muscle positions.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 12.6

102			The Rinne test is done to assess skin sensitivity to touch.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 12.11

103			A sense of moving or dynamic equilibrium is sensed by the ampullae of the vestibule.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 12.11

104			The fluid movement in the inner ear can cause confusion between sounds and movements resulting in motion sickness.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 12.12

105			Tears contain a lysozyme enzyme that has antibacterial effects.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 12.12

106			Seeing two overlapping images or double vision is termed strabismus.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 12.12

107			The most common form of blindness is retinitis or retinal damage.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 12.12

108			The ciliary body is a smooth muscle as well as gland.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 12.12

109			Vitreous fluid is made continually while aqueous humor remains the same throughout life.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 12.12

110			Both pupil dilation and contraction involve muscle contractions.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 12.13

111			The cones are sensitive to dim light and color.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 12.6

112			Sensory receptors are equally and proportionally distributed throughout the skin.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 12.9

113			Taste and smell are sensations stimulated by chemical molecules.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 12.9

114			The olfactory cells have microvilli that enable them to respond to chemical stimuli.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 12.9

115			The taste buds on the tongue enable a person to perceive the taste of various foods such as the garlic in lasagna.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 12.7

116			Free nerve endings in the skin are associated with the sensation of pain.
			A)	True
			B)	False