Hole's Human Anatomy & Physiology (Shier), 12th Edition

Chapter 18: Nutrition and Metabolism

Learning Outcomes

18.1 Introduction
         1   Distinguish among nutrition, nutrients, and essential nutrients.
         2   Explain appetite control.
18.2–18.4 Carbohydrates–Proteins
         3   List the major sources of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.
         4   Describe how cells use carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.
         5   Identify examples of positive and negative nitrogen balance.
18.5 Energy Expenditures
         6   Explain how energy values of foods are determined.
         7   Explain the factors that affect an individual's energy requirements.
         8   Contrast the physiological impact of positive and negative energy balance.
         9   Explain what is meant by desirable weight.
18.6 Vitamins
       10   List the fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins and summarize the general functions of each vitamin.
18.7 Minerals
       11   Distinguish between a vitamin and a mineral.
       12   List the major minerals and trace elements and summarize the general functions of each.
18.8 Healthy Eating
       13   Describe an adequate diet.
       14   Distinguish between primary and secondary malnutrition.
18.9 Life-Span Changes
       15   List the factors that may lead to inadequate nutrition later in life.