Hole's Human Anatomy & Physiology (Shier), 12th Edition

Learning Outcome 23.4

1			Which of the following is true of blastomeres?
			A)	found in an embryo
			B)	have a zona pellucida
			C)	divide by cleavage
			D)	are produced by meiosis

Learning Outcome 23.3

2			Which of these is the first to develop?
			A)	blastocyst
			B)	embryo
			C)	morula
			D)	fetus

Learning Outcome 23.5

3			Which of these is NOT true of implantation?
			A)	involves a blastocyst
			B)	is in the uterine tube
			C)	has cells that produce HCG
			D)	occurs by sixth day

Learning Outcome 23.3

4			In the process of in vitro fertilization, the woman is given _____ to induce follicle development.
			A)	HCG
			B)	human menopausal gonadotropin
			C)	progesterone
			D)	FSH

Learning Outcome 23.10

5			The main factor that may NOT allow a 24 week fetus to survive independently is the _____.
			A)	strength of the heart
			B)	nervous system maturation
			C)	surfactant
			D)	ability to move

Learning Outcome 23.11

6			The ductus venosus transports blood to the _____.
			A)	placenta
			B)	heart
			C)	liver
			D)	vena cava

Learning Outcome 23.11

7			The foramen ovale allows blood from the right atrium to enter the _____.
			A)	left ventricle
			B)	left atrium
			C)	aorta
			D)	right ventricle

Learning Outcome 23.11

8			Large amounts of blood do NOT enter the fetal lungs because their _____.
			A)	pressure is too high
			B)	development is immature
			C)	resistance is high
			D)	arteries are closed

Learning Outcome 23.11

9			The ductus arteriosus allows blood to flow from the pulmonary trunk to the _____.
			A)	lungs
			B)	liver
			C)	aorta
			D)	right atrium

Learning Outcome 23.3

10			Of every 100 secondary oocytes that are exposed to sperm, how many infants are actually born live?
			A)	about 95
			B)	around 75
			C)	approximately 50
			D)	about 31

Learning Outcome 23.11

11			Which vessel transports blood rich in oxygen and nutrients to the fetus?
			A)	ductus venosus
			B)	umbilical vein
			C)	umbilical artery
			D)	ductus arteriosus

Learning Outcome 23.11

12			Within the fetus, much of the circulating blood bypasses the lungs and flows through the ______________.
			A)	ductus venosus
			B)	umbilical vein
			C)	umbilical artery
			D)	ductus arteriosus

Learning Outcome 23.14

13			The period immediately after birth to four weeks of age is called the _______________ period.
			A)	senescent
			B)	adolescent
			C)	neonatal
			D)	infancy

Learning Outcome 23.13

14			Many changes occur in the newborn infant as it adapts to a life apart from its mother. What happens to the umbilical vein?
			A)	It continues to transport blood from the navel to the vena cava.
			B)	It closes off to become the ligamentum teres.
			C)	It closes off to become the superior vesical artery.
			D)	It becomes the ligamentum arteriosum.

Learning Outcome 23.14

15			What is the biological definition of human adulthood?
			A)	when puberty is reached
			B)	age 18
			C)	adolescence to old age
			D)	age 21

Learning Outcome 23.4

16			In which process do the cells become progressively smaller?
			A)	differentiation
			B)	cleavage
			C)	growth
			D)	morphogenesis

Learning Outcome 23.13

17			When is a developing individual most susceptible to genetic birth defects from smoking?
			A)	last trimester
			B)	third to sixth month
			C)	first trimester
			D)	at birth

Learning Outcome 23.10

18			When is it first possible to distinguish the sex of a fetus?
			A)	one month
			B)	second month
			C)	third month
			D)	fourth month

Learning Outcome 23.8

19			When does bone start to replace cartilage?
			A)	fifth week
			B)	second month
			C)	third month
			D)	fourth month

Learning Outcome 23.8

20			The embryonic period lasts from the second week through _____ week.
			A)	third
			B)	fourth
			C)	eighth
			D)	twelfth

Learning Outcome 23.7

21			All of these arise from mesoderm except which one?
			A)	muscle
			B)	brain
			C)	kidney
			D)	blood

Learning Outcome 23.11

22			What prevents the maternal and embryonic blood cells from mixing?
			A)	chorionic villi
			B)	placental membrane
			C)	lacunae
			D)	trophoblast

Learning Outcome 23.10

23			When will the embryo take on a human appearance?
			A)	eighth week
			B)	fourth week
			C)	second fetal month
			D)	sixth week

Learning Outcome 23.10

24			Which of these is a maternal component?
			A)	chorion
			B)	amnion
			C)	decidua basalis
			D)	umbilical cord

Learning Outcome 23.8

25			When does the amnion first appear?
			A)	first week
			B)	second week
			C)	fifth week
			D)	sixth week

Learning Outcome 23.11

26			What is the origin of fetal blood cells?
			A)	chorion
			B)	amnion
			C)	yolk sac
			D)	allantois

Learning Outcome 23.10

27			What is the major cell process in the fetus?
			A)	differentiation
			B)	meiosis
			C)	mitosis
			D)	cleavage

Learning Outcome 23.7

28			When can the male and female organs be distinguished first?
			A)	eighth week
			B)	10th week
			C)	twelfth week
			D)	fourth month

Learning Outcome 23.8

29			Which of the following is NOT true at full term?
			A)	testes begin to descend
			B)	fingernails are present
			C)	vertex position is evident
			D)	fetus is 50 cm long

Learning Outcome 23.11

30			The umbilical arteries are branches of the _____.
			A)	ductus venosus
			B)	inferior vena cava
			C)	internal iliac arteries
			D)	external iliac arteries

Learning Outcome 23.11

31			Which of these has the greatest oxygen content?
			A)	umbilical arteries
			B)	umbilical vein
			C)	fetal aorta
			D)	fetal pulmonary veins

Learning Outcome 23.8

32			Which function is most critical in the neonate?
			A)	liver
			B)	cardiac
			C)	respiratory
			D)	gastrointestinal

Learning Outcome 23.13

33			Which of these is NOT a significant factor explaining what causes the first breath of life?
			A)	blood pH
			B)	neonatal adrenalin
			C)	carbon dioxide
			D)	low blood oxygen

Learning Outcome 23.13

34			In the first days of life, what is the primary source of energy?
			A)	glucose
			B)	protein
			C)	lipid
			D)	glycogen

Learning Outcome 23.13

35			The superior vesical arteries are remnants of the _____.
			A)	umbilical arteries
			B)	umbilical vein
			C)	ductus venosus
			D)	ductus arteriosus

Learning Outcome 23.13

36			The ligamentum teres is the remnant of the _____.
			A)	umbilical cord
			B)	umbilical vein
			C)	ductus arteriosus
			D)	umbilical artery

Learning Outcome 23.13

37			The ligamentum venosum is the remnant of the _____.
			A)	liver
			B)	ductus arteriosus
			C)	ductus venosus
			D)	umbilical vein

Learning Outcome 23.13

38			The reason why blood no longer passes through the foramen ovale is initially explained by the _____.
			A)	increase in lung resistance
			B)	increase in right atrial pressure
			C)	decrease in left atrial pressure
			D)	increase in left atrial pressure

Learning Outcome 23.13

39			The constriction of the ductus arteriosus is related most likely to _____.
			A)	pressure in the aorta
			B)	bradykinin
			C)	low oxygen tension
			D)	pressure in the lungs

Learning Outcome 23.14

40			When is most hemoglobin of the adult type?
			A)	in the child age 1
			B)	at four months
			C)	at seven months
			D)	in 18 months

Learning Outcome 23.14

41			After age 30, the adult loses about ____% of their functional capacity each year.
			A)	0.8
			B)	1.8
			C)	10
			D)	0.1

Learning Outcome 23.14

42			The chemical theory of aging involves the formation of _____.
			A)	defective proteins
			B)	less glycogen
			C)	free radicals
			D)	less DNA

Learning Outcome 23.9

43			The premature separation of the placenta is _____.
			A)	amniocentesis
			B)	abruptio placentae
			C)	meconium
			D)	lochia

Learning Outcome 23.10

44			Perinatology is a branch of medicine that studies the _____.
			A)	mother's progress
			B)	10 week fetus
			C)	twenty-five week fetus
			D)	fetus and neonate

Learning Outcome 23.9

45			Which of the following is NOT able to freely cross the placental membrane?
			A)	leukocytes
			B)	glucose
			C)	NaCl
			D)	erythrocytes

Learning Outcome 23.7

46			Epithelial linings of the digestive tract, respiratory tract, urinary bladder, and urethra all form from the _______________layer of the gastrula.
			A)	ectoderm
			B)	mesoderm
			C)	endoderm
			D)	chorionic villi

Learning Outcome 23.9

47			The portion of the placenta contributed by the embryo is the ______________.
			A)	chorion
			B)	allantois
			C)	amnion
			D)	yolk sac

Learning Outcome 23.7

48			Within which extra embryonic membrane are blood cells formed in the early stages of development?
			A)	chorion
			B)	allantois
			C)	amnion
			D)	yolk sac

Learning Outcome 23.15

49			At what age do age-related degenerative changes begin in most adults?
			A)	age 30
			B)	age 40
			C)	age 60
			D)	age 70

Learning Outcome 23.15

50			Aging appears to result from each of these causes except _______________.
			A)	genetics
			B)	apoptosis
			C)	accumulation of free-radicals
			D)	adequate nutrition and exercise

Learning Outcome 23.16

51			What is a major cause of death in less-developed countries?
			A)	cancer
			B)	heart disease
			C)	infections
			D)	automobile accidents

Learning Outcome 23.5

52			In which menstrual cycle phase does implantation occur?
			A)	menses
			B)	ovulation
			C)	proliferative
			D)	secretory

Learning Outcome 23.6

53			What normally prevents the expulsion of an embryo by a menstrual flow?
			A)	the enzymes around the embryo
			B)	HCG
			C)	the thickness of the endometrium
			D)	FSH

Learning Outcome 23.5

54			The structure which implants in the endometrium is correctly termed a _____.
			A)	embryo
			B)	blastocyst
			C)	morula
			D)	zygote

Learning Outcome 23.10

55			When can the term fetus be correctly used?
			A)	at three weeks
			B)	when body systems have been established
			C)	after the neural tube forms

Learning Outcome 23.8

56			Which extra embryonic membrane encloses the embryo in a fluid filled cavity?
			A)	allantois
			B)	yolk sac
			C)	chorion
			D)	amnion

Learning Outcome 23.7

57			Which membrane plays the greatest role in nutrient and wastes exchanges?
			A)	amnion
			B)	chorion
			C)	allantois
			D)	yolk sac

Learning Outcome 23.6

58			Which hormone prevents a second pregnancy during gestation?
			A)	FSH
			B)	LH
			C)	progesterone
			D)	HCG

Learning Outcome 23.6

59			A sudden increase in uterine size could indicate the development of a hydatid mole.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 23.8

60			The ossification of the skull is completed by full term.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 23.11

61			Fetal hemoglobin is different from the adult and has a higher oxygen carrying capacity.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 23.11

62			All of the fetal veins contain deoxygenated blood.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 23.11

63			Because of the ductus arteriosus, greater amounts of oxygenated blood can travel to the brain.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 23.11

64			The number of umbilical arteries is directly related to the structure of the fetal internal circulatory system.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 23.13

65			Infant respiratory distress syndrome is less common if the mother had normal labor and delivery.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 23.13

66			The kidneys of a neonate are immature and therefore do not excrete large amounts of water.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 23.13

67			The fossa ovalis is the depression in the heart that was the foramen ovale.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 23.13

68			The ligamentum arteriosum forms in the neonate as a remnant of the ductus arteriosus.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 23.13

69			Heart failure is a common form of death in the first neonatal month.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 23.14

70			Childhood typically ends when the person is six years of age.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 23.14

71			The average female has a shorter adolescent period than males?
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 23.14

72			Females are taller and stronger than males when they are both in early adolescence.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 23.14

73			Older persons require fewer calories and can survive well on small portions of food.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 23.14

74			Older persons have a reduced capacity to prevent infection.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 23.14

75			Senescence usually ends in death because of neurological changes and degeneration.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 23.16

76			The human life span and life expectancy have both increased in the last one thousand years.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 23.15

77			Collagen synthesis decreases with age and the collagen molecules become soft and degenerated.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 23.15

78			Exposure to sunlight and other forms of radiation may increase the rate of aging.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 23.3

79			Within six days following fertilization, the blastocyst contains cells that are fated to become the infant.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 23.9

80			Dizygotic twins share the same placenta and are identical.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 23.13

81			The study of abnormal fetal development is teratology.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 23.13

82			The umbilical cord contains maternal and fetal components.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 23.8

83			Amniocentesis is a technique for examining the genetics of fetal skin cells.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 23.13

84			Postpartum meconium refers to the discharge of fluid from the skin or lungs.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 23.14

85			The amount of elastic fibers increases during the aging process causing the lung tissue to regress and constrict.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 23.14

86			The cardiovascular system increases the synthesis of some lipids during the aging process.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 23.9

87			The placenta is comprised of maternal and fetal portions.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 23.8

88			The inner cell mass of the blastocyst will become the extra embryonic membranes and part of placenta.
			A)	True
			B)	False