Hole's Human Anatomy & Physiology (Shier), 12th Edition

Learning Outcome 24.1

1			Which of the following is NOT true of chromosomes?
			A)	contain DNA
			B)	coated with histones
			C)	46 in mitotic cells
			D)	visible at all times

Learning Outcome 24.1

2			The genes for cystic fibrosis are located on chromosome number _____.
			A)	4
			B)	7
			C)	17
			D)	21

Learning Outcome 24.1

3			Huntington disease is associated with chromosome _____.
			A)	4
			B)	7
			C)	17
			D)	21

Learning Outcome 24.3

4			When does the chromosome number reach 92?
			A)	never
			B)	prophase
			C)	before prophase
			D)	metaphase

Learning Outcome 24.8

5			Which term refers to the inheritance of traits that require two genes?
			A)	phenotype
			B)	genotype
			C)	recessive
			D)	dominant

Learning Outcome 24.3

6			When a physician questions a patient about their family history, they are gathering evidence to construct a___________.
			A)	diagnosis
			B)	prognosis
			C)	pedigree
			D)	Punnett square

Learning Outcome 24.8

7			How is familial hypercholesterolemia usually inherited?
			A)	incomplete dominance
			B)	codominant
			C)	recessive
			D)	sex-linked

Learning Outcome 24.10

8			Diseases that display different symptoms and signs for the same disease are displaying ____.
			A)	heterogeneity
			B)	pleiotropy
			C)	penetrance
			D)	polygenicity

Learning Outcome 24.13

9			The SRY gene causes expression of ____ chromosome genes.
			A)	X
			B)	Y
			C)	autosome
			D)	X or Y

Learning Outcome 24.8

10			What is an example of a codominant trait in humans?
			A)	sickle cell disease
			B)	Huntington disease
			C)	ABO blood groups
			D)	Tay-Sachs disease

Learning Outcome 24.11

11			Traits that are controlled by one or more genes and influenced by the environment are said to be _________________.
			A)	incompletely dominant
			B)	multifactorial
			C)	polygenic
			D)	incompletely penetrant

Learning Outcome 24.14

12			The fact that a woman cannot generally grow a beard is because beard growth is a(n) ________________ trait.
			A)	completely penetrant
			B)	pleiotropic
			C)	sex-limited
			D)	sex-influenced

Learning Outcome 24.1

13			The normal chromosome number is referred to as _____________.
			A)	euploid
			B)	aneuploid
			C)	polyploid
			D)	tetraploid

Learning Outcome 24.12

14			The last pair of 23 chromosomes is referred to as the _____.
			A)	karyotype
			B)	autosomes
			C)	nondisjunction chromosomes
			D)	sex chromosomes

Learning Outcome 24.12

15			Which chromosomes indicate a normal male fetus?
			A)	XX
			B)	XXY
			C)	XY
			D)	XYY

Learning Outcome 24.3

16			Persons with dark skin who produce offspring with the same color have genes that are probably _____.
			A)	heterozygous for melanin
			B)	different alleles
			C)	heterozygous for melanin enzymes
			D)	homozygous for melanin enzymes

Learning Outcome 24.3

17			Which organ system is NOT significantly affected by Cystic fibrosis?
			A)	nervous
			B)	pulmonary
			C)	gastrointestinal
			D)	reproductive

Learning Outcome 24.3

18			Sickle cell genes are present in _____% of the American population with central African ancestry.
			A)	8
			B)	18
			C)	48
			D)	2

Learning Outcome 24.9

19			When will a person with sickle cell trait develop symptoms?
			A)	every day
			B)	under hypoxia
			C)	never
			D)	exercising

Learning Outcome 24.8

20			The genes for the ABO blood types are _____.
			A)	alleles
			B)	incomplete dominant
			C)	codominant
			D)	recessive

Learning Outcome 24.7

21			Persons with blood type B have the _____ agglutinogens (antigen).
			A)	A
			B)	B
			C)	A and B
			D)	neither A or B

Learning Outcome 24.7

22			Which blood type could these parents NOT produce in their children, AO and BB?
			A)	B
			B)	AB
			C)	Rh+
			D)	O

Learning Outcome 24.11

23			The final height of a child is determined by _____.
			A)	the height of the parents
			B)	the height of the grandparents
			C)	polygenic inheritance
			D)	recessive inheritance

Learning Outcome 24.8

24			Which of the following affects the expression in an individual with a homozygous recessive trait?
			A)	the health of the mother
			B)	disease in the father
			C)	diet
			D)	all of these

Learning Outcome 24.2

25			The result of meiosis is to produce _____.
			A)	the zygote
			B)	23 chromosomes
			C)	46 chromosomes
			D)	oogonia

Learning Outcome 24.14

26			Traits only transferred from fathers to their sons are associated with the ___ chromosome.
			A)	X
			B)	Y
			C)	number 13
			D)	number 21

Learning Outcome 24.14

27			Which of these conditions is usually NOT found in females?
			A)	blood clotting disorders
			B)	acromegaly
			C)	muscular dystrophy
			D)	Duchenne dystrophy

Learning Outcome 24.14

28			The growth of facial hair is an example of ___________.
			A)	sex-linked inheritance
			B)	sex-limited trait expression
			C)	sex-influenced inheritance
			D)	dominant genetics

Learning Outcome 24.3

29			What is the probability of there being a recessive gene in the gametes from a parent who is Aa (assuming "a" is recessive)?
			A)	10%
			B)	25%
			C)	50%
			D)	75%

Learning Outcome 24.3

30			Which offspring result from Aa and aa parents?
			A)	all aa
			B)	all AA
			C)	AA, Aa, Aa, aa
			D)	aa, aa, Aa, Aa

Learning Outcome 24.12

31			The inheritance of maleness is caused by a _____ chromosome pattern.
			A)	autosomal
			B)	Y
			C)	XY
			D)	XX

Learning Outcome 24.14

32			Which type of condition can only be passed from the father to his sons?
			A)	sex linked recessive
			B)	sex linked dominant
			C)	holandric
			D)	autosomal

Learning Outcome 24.13

33			Which of the following is NOT an X-linked recessive condition?
			A)	hemophilia A
			B)	color blindness
			C)	von Willebrand's
			D)	optic atrophy

Learning Outcome 24.10

34			The condition _____ is characterized by a deficiency of plasma thromboplastin component (factor IX).
			A)	hepatocarcinoma
			B)	microphthalmia
			C)	hemophilia B
			D)	coloboma iridis

Learning Outcome 24.15

35			Which term is correctly used to describe all Down's people?
			A)	aneuploidy
			B)	trisomy 21
			C)	polyploidy
			D)	translocation

Learning Outcome 24.16

36			The term for prenatal genetic testing using sloughed-off fetal cells is called ____.
			A)	AFP
			B)	amniocentesis
			C)	chorionic villus sampling
			D)	CEA

Learning Outcome 24.15

37			Which of the following is NOT usually seen in Down's syndrome?
			A)	kidney defects
			B)	heart defects
			C)	skeletal deformities
			D)	mental retardation

Learning Outcome 24.4

38			How many genes are believed to constitute the human genome?
			A)	one million
			B)	ten million
			C)	100,000
			D)	40,000

Learning Outcome 24.2

39			During which meiotic division is the number of chromosomes halved?
			A)	during meiosis I
			B)	during meiosis II
			C)	prior to meiosis I, during the S phase
			D)	after meiosis II

Learning Outcome 24.8

40			Choose the recessive human trait from the list that follows.
			A)	widow's peak
			B)	cheek dimples
			C)	hairless forearms
			D)	freckles

Learning Outcome 24.2

41			Which of these does NOT contribute to increasing genetic variability?
			A)	meiosis
			B)	crossing-over
			C)	having children with a close relative
			D)	having children with someone who is NOT a relative

Learning Outcome 24.7

42			Several variant forms of a gene for a given trait are called ______________.
			A)	autosomes
			B)	alleles
			C)	sex chromosomes
			D)	histones

Learning Outcome 24.8

43			A person who can pass either a widow's peak or straight hairline to the next generation is said to be _______________ for the hairline trait.
			A)	homozygous
			B)	heterozygous
			C)	incompletely dominant
			D)	recessive

Learning Outcome 24.13

44			If a recessive trait, such as hemophilia, occurs more often in males than in females, it is because the gene for the trait is most likely carried on ________________.
			A)	the X chromosome
			B)	the Y chromosome
			C)	a mutant allele
			D)	an autosome

Learning Outcome 24.3

45			If a child contains a gene that is not found in either parent, then one of them is not the biological parent.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 24.11

46			Traits such as skin pigmentation are totally governed by inheritance.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 24.17

47			Gene therapy has not been completely successful at this time.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 24.17

48			All forms of gene therapy changes cannot be inherited.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 24.17

49			Fetal stem cells have no value over mature bone marrow in gene therapy research.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 24.3

50			A younger women has a higher risk of a Down's conception than one who is older.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 24.16

51			Chorionic villus sampling is less invasive than amniocentesis.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 24.17

52			Gene therapy using the liver can be used to prevent heart disease.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 24.15

53			Viruses are the usual causes of brain tumors such as gliomas.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 24.8

54			The phenomenon of incomplete dominance will result in the meiosis of cells with two forms of a particular gene.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 24.12

55			Males always determine the sex of a fetus?
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 24.13

56			A male with color blindness cannot have a daughter who is color blind because it is X-linked recessive.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 24.3

57			It is possible for human cells to have more than 46 chromosomes.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 24.1

58			The disintegration of chromosomes during meiosis is called nondisjunction.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 24.15

59			Older women carry a greater chance of having a child with trisomy 21 than a younger mother.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 24.15

60			Persons with Turner's syndrome have male chromosomes but have a female appearance.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 24.12

61			Only the sperm have the ability to determine the sex of the offspring.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 24.11

62			All genetic abnormalities are inherited.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 24.14

63			Sex-linked genes are those associated with chromosomes X or Y.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 24.14

64			Males and females have equal chances of inheriting X-linked disorders.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 24.15

65			All person's with Down's syndrome display profound mental retardation.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 24.3

66			The genes of an individual will always be different from those of the parents.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 24.11

67			All birth defects are genetic and inherited.
			A)	True
			B)	False