Hole's Human Anatomy & Physiology (Shier), 12th Edition

Learning Outcome 6.3

1			The _____ separates the epidermis from the dermis.
			A)	epithelial cells
			B)	presence of adipose
			C)	basement membrane
			D)	subcutaneous layer

Learning Outcome 6.3

2			The youngest cells would be found in the stratum _____.
			A)	corneum
			B)	basale
			C)	spinosum
			D)	granulosum

Learning Outcome 6.4

3			Cells that surround melanocytes may contain more melanin than the melanocytes because of the process of _____.
			A)	mutation
			B)	cell rupture
			C)	having cellular extensions
			D)	cytocrine secretion

Learning Outcome 6.5

4			The _____ structures are associated with detecting deep pressure within the skin.
			A)	Meissner corpuscles
			B)	free nerve endings
			C)	Pacinian corpuscles
			D)	motor nerve fibers

Learning Outcome 6.3

5			The main tissue in the dermis is _____.
			A)	regular dense connective tissue
			B)	stratified squamous epithelium
			C)	smooth muscle
			D)	irregular dense connective tissue

Learning Outcome 6.5

6			The part of the hair from the surface into the dermis is the _____.
			A)	shaft
			B)	follicle
			C)	root
			D)	dermal papilla

Learning Outcome 6.5

7			The darkness of hair is due mainly to _____.
			A)	the density of the shaft
			B)	melanin concentration
			C)	lack of air gaps
			D)	keratin distribution

Learning Outcome 6.5

8			The following belong together except which one?
			A)	acne vulgaris
			B)	alopecia
			C)	comedones
			D)	pustules

Learning Outcome 6.6

9			Modified sweat glands, called __________________ glands, secrete wax in the ear canal.
			A)	sebaceous
			B)	eccrine
			C)	apocrine
			D)	ceruminous

Learning Outcome 6.7

10			Choose the response that the body employs to raise body temperature only when the others listed have failed.
			A)	constricted skin blood vessels
			B)	sweat glands inactivated
			C)	slight skeletal muscle contraction
			D)	full body shivering

Learning Outcome 6.9

11			A(n) _________________ is the transplanting of one's own skin from an unburned region of the body to a burned area.
			A)	autograft
			B)	homograft
			C)	holograft
			D)	xenograft

Learning Outcome 6.3

12			The strength of the dermis would mainly be due to _____.
			A)	the amount of blood vessels
			B)	the distribution of elastic fibers
			C)	the presence of collagen fibers
			D)	the thickness of the layers

Learning Outcome 6.3

13			Where is the greatest amount of keratin found?
			A)	dermis
			B)	stratum basale
			C)	stratum corneum
			D)	stratum spinosum

Learning Outcome 6.3

14			The stratum basale is also called the stratum _____.
			A)	corneum
			B)	spinosum
			C)	granulosum
			D)	germinativum

Learning Outcome 6.3

15			Calluses are thickened areas that are formed in response to a/an _____.
			A)	lack of blood flow
			B)	increase in friction or pressure
			C)	increase in abnormal mitosis
			D)	increase in blood flow

Learning Outcome 6.4

16			The pigment producing melanocytes are found in the _____ layer.
			A)	spinosum
			B)	granulosum
			C)	basale
			D)	corneum

Learning Outcome 6.4

17			What is the major factor that protects skin from the damaging effects of sunlight?
			A)	moisture in the skin
			B)	the thickness of the stratum corneum
			C)	the presence of melanin
			D)	active mitosis

Learning Outcome 6.3

18			Skin cancer most likely arises from which type cells?
			A)	dermal
			B)	melanocytes
			C)	epithelial cells
			D)	stratum corneum cells

Learning Outcome 6.5

19			Most of the sensory fibers and structures are located in the _____ region.
			A)	dermis
			B)	subcutaneous
			C)	epidermis
			D)	stratum basale

Learning Outcome 6.5

20			Tactile corpuscles respond to a stimulus of _____.
			A)	pressure
			B)	heat
			C)	light touch
			D)	cold objects

Learning Outcome 6.3

21			The subcutaneous layer can also be referred to as the _____.
			A)	dermis
			B)	epidermis
			C)	stratum malpighii
			D)	hypodermis

Learning Outcome 6.3

22			The presence of _____ is an indication of being in the hypodermis.
			A)	melanin
			B)	keratin
			C)	adipose tissue
			D)	blood vessels

Learning Outcome 6.7

23			What is the main factor in preserving body heat?
			A)	the thickness of the epidermis
			B)	the presence of adipose
			C)	skin moisture
			D)	adequate dermal blood vessels

Learning Outcome 6.5

24			A group of cells that surrounds the developing hair is called the _____.
			A)	shaft
			B)	follicle
			C)	root
			D)	cuticle

Learning Outcome 6.5

25			The color of red hair is due to _____.
			A)	trichosiderin
			B)	melanin
			C)	keratin
			D)	lack of melanin

Learning Outcome 6.3

26			Goose bumps in the skin are caused by contraction of the _____ in response to cold or emotions.
			A)	skeletal muscles below
			B)	arrector pili muscles
			C)	dermal papillae
			D)	sebaceous glands

Learning Outcome 6.5

27			The following relate to sebaceous glands except which one?
			A)	produce sebum
			B)	are associated with hair follicles
			C)	provide waterproofing
			D)	use merocrine methods

Learning Outcome 6.5

28			Hair and fingernails are derived from the _____ cells.
			A)	subcutaneous
			B)	dermal papillary
			C)	epidermal
			D)	keratin

Learning Outcome 6.5

29			The most active growing region of the nails is the _____.
			A)	lunula
			B)	bed
			C)	plate
			D)	stratum corneum

Learning Outcome 6.5

30			Sweat glands can also be called _____ glands.
			A)	sebaceous
			B)	holocrine
			C)	sudoriferous
			D)	cutaneous

Learning Outcome 6.7

31			What actually controls and maintains body temperature?
			A)	the skin sweat glands
			B)	sensory skin receptors
			C)	the hypothalamus
			D)	local skin chemicals

Learning Outcome 6.7

32			The most easily regulated loss of heat through the skin is by _____.
			A)	conduction
			B)	convection
			C)	radiation
			D)	evaporation

Learning Outcome 6.7

33			The greatest source of body heat is through _____.
			A)	the hypothalamus
			B)	prevention of sweating
			C)	constriction of blood vessels
			D)	contraction of skeletal muscle

Learning Outcome 6.4

34			The pigment _____ found in vegetables can impart a yellow or orange color to the skin.
			A)	melanin
			B)	carotene
			C)	retinene
			D)	bilirubin

Learning Outcome 6.9

35			A _____ is a procedure that uses skin from a deceased person to treat a burned area.
			A)	autograft
			B)	homograft
			C)	granulation tissue
			D)	deep partial-thickness graft

Learning Outcome 6.2

36			The functions of the skin include all of these except __________________.
			A)	taking in nutrients
			B)	preventing the entry of microorganisms
			C)	retarding water loss
			D)	regulating body temperature

Learning Outcome 6.3

37			The protective dead layer of cells of the outer epidermis is called the _______________.
			A)	stratum corneum
			B)	stratum granulosum
			C)	stratum spinosum
			D)	stratum basale

Learning Outcome 6.4

38			Melanocytes lie within the _________________ of the skin.
			A)	stratum corneum and top layers
			B)	deepest dermis
			C)	stratum spinosum and stratum lucidum
			D)	stratum basale and upper dermis

Learning Outcome 6.3

39			Which of these phrases does not characterize the dermis?
			A)	conical dermal papillae
			B)	thinner in areas receiving greater friction and use
			C)	loss of elasticity with age and sun exposure
			D)	muscle and nerve fibers

Learning Outcome 6.3

40			Adipose tissue is most abundant in the ________________ layer under the skin.
			A)	epidermal
			B)	dermal
			C)	subcutaneous
			D)	transdermal

Learning Outcome 6.5

41			Hairs arise from which layer of the skin?
			A)	dermis
			B)	stratum basale of the epidermis
			C)	subcutaneous layer
			D)	connective tissue

Learning Outcome 6.5

42			Within nails, the most rapidly dividing cells can be found in the __________________.
			A)	nail plate
			B)	nail bed
			C)	nail tip
			D)	lunula

Learning Outcome 6.7

43			Heat loss occurs from the body by each of these methods except __________________.
			A)	evaporation
			B)	convection
			C)	cellular respiration
			D)	radiation

Learning Outcome 6.4

44			What is one important function for melanin?
			A)	cause the skin to be cooler
			B)	increase the amount of blood vessels
			C)	strengthen the skin or eyes
			D)	absorb harmful radiation

Learning Outcome 6.4

45			The yellowish color of some person’s skin is due to _____.
			A)	lack of blood supply
			B)	low melanin levels
			C)	carotene
			D)	hemoglobin

Learning Outcome 6.3

46			The epidermal ridges or fingerprints are probably caused by the _____.
			A)	genes in the epidermis
			B)	dermal papillae
			C)	smooth muscle in dermis
			D)	amount of keratin in cells

Learning Outcome 6.5

47			The part of the hair below the surface of the skin is called the _____.
			A)	follicle
			B)	root
			C)	base
			D)	shaft

Learning Outcome 6.4

48			Dark-skinned persons have a higher probability of developing melanomas because they have more melanocytes.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 6.9

49			Persons who remain indoors frequently may have a higher risk of developing a malignant melanoma than those who are highly exposed to sunlight because of their work or other reasons.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 6.3

50			Transdermal medications are delivered by inserting a hypodermic needle into the subcutaneous region.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 6.3

51			The papillary layer of the dermis partially explains the presence of fingerprints in the epidermis.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 6.5

52			Hair is actually a structure comprised mainly of keratin.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 6.5

53			Excessive hair growth on regions of the body is alopecia.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 6.4

54			Albinism is a condition resulting from the genetic inability to produce melanin throughout the body.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 6.5

55			Sebaceous glands are always associated with each hair follicle.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 6.5

56			The nail plate is the part of the fingernail which lies on top of the nail bed.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 6.5

57			The eccrine sweat glands are located in the axillary areas and respond to emotional upsets.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 6.6

58			As one ages, the ability to sweat increases as evidenced by increased moisture on the skin of the elderly.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 6.7

59			The elimination of sweat can have an excretory as well as temperature regulating function.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 6.7

60			The application of an ice pack is an example of temperature control by means of convection.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 6.7

61			In order to conserve heat, blood vessels in the skin constrict.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 6.7

62			Heat exhaustion occurs when the body undergoes excessive sweating on hot, humid days.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 6.4

63			Regardless of race, all persons, except albinos, have the same relative numbers of melanocytes.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 6.7

64			Antipyretic drugs are used to treat pyrexia, which is an abnormal drop in body temperature.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 6.7

65			The white blood cells secrete interleukins, which are known to block the causes of fevers.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 6.1

66			The skin is one of the more versatile organs of the body.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 6.3

67			Epidermal cells usually grow and divide from the upper layers of the skin and migrate towards the dermis.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 6.3

68			The epidermis contains a greater variety of cell types in comparison to the dermis.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 6.3

69			The dermis has a rich blood supply while the epidermis is totally devoid of blood vessels.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 6.3

70			There are usually no blood vessels in the epidermis.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 6.3

71			The cells in the epidermis are only comprised of squamous epithelial cells.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 6.7

72			The subcutaneous region has adipose cells that help insulate the body from heat as well as cold.
			A)	True
			B)	False