Hole's Human Anatomy & Physiology (Shier), 12th Edition

Learning Outcome 9.2

1			A large broad sheet of connective tissue, such as on the abdomen, is called a/an _____ .
			A)	aponeurosis
			B)	epimysium
			C)	perimysium
			D)	endomysium

Learning Outcome 9.3

2			The membrane that is the closest to the individual muscle fiber is the _____.
			A)	aponeurosis
			B)	epimysium
			C)	perimysium
			D)	endomysium

Learning Outcome 9.3

3			A group of skeletal muscle fibers is called a/an _____.
			A)	perimysium
			B)	fascicle
			C)	epimysium
			D)	tendon

Learning Outcome 9.3

4			The structure that connects muscles to bones is the _____.
			A)	aponeurosis
			B)	fascicle
			C)	tendon
			D)	ligament

Learning Outcome 9.5

5			The main force of contraction occurs when actin forms a chemical complex with _____ .
			A)	troponin
			B)	myosin
			C)	tropomyosin
			D)	acetylcholine

Learning Outcome 9.5

6			When a muscle is at rest, which of the following is not associated chemically with the others?
			A)	actin
			B)	myosin
			C)	troponin
			D)	tropomyosin

Learning Outcome 9.5

7			During the contraction of a sarcomere, calcium ions bind with the protein _____.
			A)	actin
			B)	myosin
			C)	troponin
			D)	tropomyosin

Learning Outcome 9.4

8			The main neurotransmitter involved in skeletal muscle contraction is _____.
			A)	adrenalin
			B)	noradrenalin
			C)	acetylcholine
			D)	dopamine

Learning Outcome 9.6

9			Which molecule directly supplies energy to myosin to allow the filaments to contract?
			A)	adenosine diphosphate
			B)	ATP
			C)	creatine phosphate
			D)	creatinine

Learning Outcome 9.15

10			The presence of _____ allow cardiac muscle fibers to transmit impulses faster among themselves.
			A)	cell membranes
			B)	nerve fibers
			C)	intercalated disks
			D)	peristalsis

Learning Outcome 9.16

11			The muscle is called the _____ when it is causing the movement that is being described.
			A)	antagonist
			B)	synergist
			C)	prime mover
			D)	flexor

Learning Outcome 9.16

12			Muscles that act together to cause the same movements are called _____.
			A)	synergists
			B)	antagonists
			C)	prime movers
			D)	agonists

Learning Outcome 9.17

13			The sternocleidomastoid muscle was named because of its _____.
			A)	shape
			B)	size
			C)	location
			D)	points of attachment

Learning Outcome 9.17

14			The _____ muscle forms a broad flat sheet on top of the head.
			A)	temporalis
			B)	buccinator
			C)	epicranius
			D)	frontalis

Learning Outcome 9.17

15			Which muscle lines most of the inner cheek wall?
			A)	orbicularis oris
			B)	buccinator
			C)	orbicularis oculi
			D)	masseter

Learning Outcome 9.17

16			The _____ is a common intramuscular injection site, which flexes the shoulder or extends the arm.
			A)	pectoralis major
			B)	deltoid
			C)	trapezius
			D)	coracobrachialis

Learning Outcome 9.17

17			Which triangular thoracic muscle causes the arms to move towards the midline?
			A)	subscapularis
			B)	teres minor
			C)	pectoralis major
			D)	latissimus dorsi

Learning Outcome 9.16

18			A synergist with the biceps brachii is the _____.
			A)	triceps brachii
			B)	brachialis
			C)	deltoid
			D)	supinator

Learning Outcome 9.17

19			The pronator teres inserts on the _____.
			A)	radius
			B)	ulna
			C)	humerus
			D)	scapula

Learning Outcome 9.17

20			The following belong together except which one?
			A)	flexor carpi radialis
			B)	palmaris longus
			C)	flexor digitorum profundus
			D)	extensor carpi ulnaris

Learning Outcome 9.3

21			The fibers of a muscle that are connected to the overlying skin fibers are the _____ .
			A)	subcutaneous fascia
			B)	deep fascia
			C)	subserous fascia
			D)	tendon

Learning Outcome 9.3

22			The muscle cells within a group such as the biceps brachii are individually called _____ .
			A)	sarcolemmas
			B)	fibers
			C)	myocyte
			D)	myofibrils

Learning Outcome 9.3

23			Which of the following does NOT belong with the others?
			A)	myofilament
			B)	myosin
			C)	sarcoplasmic reticulum
			D)	actin

Learning Outcome 9.3

24			The I bands in a sarcomere are made of _____ .
			A)	myosin
			B)	actin and myosin
			C)	tropomyosin
			D)	actin

Learning Outcome 9.3

25			The _____ zone contains only myosin and is in the center of a sarcomere.
			A)	A
			B)	I
			C)	M
			D)	H

Learning Outcome 9.3

26			The cisternae are enlarged portions of the _____ .
			A)	sarcoplasmic reticulum
			B)	endoplasmic reticulum
			C)	transverse tubules
			D)	T-tubules

Learning Outcome 9.4

27			The gap between the muscle and a nerve is the _____.
			A)	synapse
			B)	motor end plate
			C)	myoneural junction
			D)	motor neuron

Learning Outcome 9.4

28			The chemical that crosses a neuromuscular gap is _____.
			A)	sodium
			B)	a protein
			C)	a neurotransmitter
			D)	calcium

Learning Outcome 9.4

29			The combination of a neuron and the muscle fiber it associates with is called a/an _____ .
			A)	fascicle
			B)	motor end plate
			C)	motor unit
			D)	myoneural junction

Learning Outcome 9.5

30			The most abundant of the muscle proteins is _____ .
			A)	actin
			B)	troponin
			C)	myosin
			D)	tropomyosin

Learning Outcome 9.6

31			What is the most abundant storage form of energy within a muscle fiber?
			A)	glycogen
			B)	ADP
			C)	ATP
			D)	creatine phosphate

Learning Outcome 9.6

32			What effect does creatine phosphokinase have on muscle activity?
			A)	it causes a fiber to relax
			B)	it stimulates ATP synthesis
			C)	catalyzes the formation of creatine phosphate
			D)	causes the breakdown of creatine into creatinine

Learning Outcome 9.6

33			How is excess sugar stored within muscle fibers?
			A)	in ATP
			B)	glycogen
			C)	glucose
			D)	creatinine

Learning Outcome 9.6

34			Which main factor allows muscle to sustain contraction even during times when the blood supply is low?
			A)	the presence of hemoglobin
			B)	glycogen storage
			C)	myoglobin
			D)	citric acid cycle

Learning Outcome 9.6

35			The reddish brown color of muscle is due to the presence of _____ molecules.
			A)	creatine phosphate
			B)	hemoglobin
			C)	iron
			D)	myoglobin

Learning Outcome 9.6

36			Which molecule is produced during exercise, resulting in the oxygen debt?
			A)	glycogen
			B)	lactate
			C)	pyruvate
			D)	ATP

Learning Outcome 9.6

37			Which of the following does NOT belong with the others?
			A)	white muscles
			B)	fast-contracting
			C)	extensive sarcoplasmic reticulum
			D)	relatively large supply of myoglobin

Learning Outcome 9.6

38			About _____% of ATP energy becomes liberated as heat from muscle metabolism.
			A)	25
			B)	50
			C)	75
			D)	10

Learning Outcome 9.5

39			The minimum stimulus needed to cause a contraction is called the _____.
			A)	all-or-none law
			B)	threshold
			C)	sub-maximal stimulus
			D)	recruitment level

Learning Outcome 9.5

40			A single contraction of a muscle is called a ______.
			A)	threshold
			B)	recruitment
			C)	twitch
			D)	myogram

Learning Outcome 9.5

41			The period of time in which a muscle will not respond to a stimulus is called the _____.
			A)	latent period
			B)	refractory period
			C)	relaxation period
			D)	threshold

Learning Outcome 9.5

42			The complete contraction of a muscle, without the ability to relax, is called _____.
			A)	a sustained contraction
			B)	fatigue
			C)	tetanic contraction
			D)	treppe

Learning Outcome 9.5

43			The constant contraction of a percentage of fibers within a muscle is referred to as _____.
			A)	tetany
			B)	tonus
			C)	sustained contraction
			D)	summation

Learning Outcome 9.5

44			Contractions called _____ occur whenever the forces applied to a muscle are increased, but the muscle does not appear to be moving.
			A)	isotonic
			B)	isometric
			C)	tetanic
			D)	summation contractions

Learning Outcome 9.4

45			Which of the following muscles always requires nerve impulses in order to contract?
			A)	multi-unit smooth
			B)	skeletal
			C)	visceral smooth
			D)	cardiac

Learning Outcome 9.17

46			Which type of muscle is found in the wall of blood vessels?
			A)	skeletal
			B)	cardiac
			C)	smooth visceral
			D)	multi-unit smooth

Learning Outcome 9.14

47			Since smooth muscle fibers have rhythmicity and can stimulate each other, they contract in a pattern called _____.
			A)	a functional syncytium
			B)	peristalsis
			C)	tetany
			D)	tonus

Learning Outcome 9.11

48			The degeneration of muscle fibers caused by a lack of proper stimulation and usage is called _____.
			A)	hypertrophy
			B)	atrophy
			C)	dystrophy
			D)	peristalsis

Learning Outcome 9.14

49			In smooth muscle, calcium ions combine with _____ to allow the actin and myosin cross-bridges to form.
			A)	calmodulin
			B)	troponin
			C)	myosin
			D)	tropomyosin

Learning Outcome 9.17

50			Which muscle causes smiling and is attached to the corners of the lips?
			A)	zygomatic
			B)	buccinator
			C)	temporalis
			D)	orbicularis oris

Learning Outcome 9.17

51			The _____ is the broad flat muscle on the neck, which causes frowning.
			A)	sternocleidomastoid
			B)	platysma
			C)	buccinator
			D)	pterygoid

Learning Outcome 9.16

52			A condition called temporomandibular syndrome can be caused by contraction of the _____.
			A)	buccinator
			B)	masseter
			C)	platysma
			D)	frontalis

Learning Outcome 9.17

53			The following muscles belong together except which one?
			A)	masseter
			B)	pterygoid
			C)	temporalis
			D)	digastric

Learning Outcome 9.16

54			The antagonist of the sternocleidomastoid is the _____.
			A)	splenius capitis
			B)	digastric
			C)	trapezius
			D)	semispinalis capitis

Learning Outcome 9.17

55			The triangular shaped muscle on the back that rotates the shoulder is the _____
			A)	trapezius
			B)	rhomboid
			C)	deltoid
			D)	levator scapulae

Learning Outcome 9.17

56			The _____ muscle acts to elevate the shoulders.
			A)	rhomboideus
			B)	levator scapulae
			C)	pectoralis major
			D)	deltoid

Learning Outcome 9.17

57			Adduction of the scapulae in a posterior view is mainly accomplished by the _____.
			A)	trapezius
			B)	rhomboideus
			C)	serratus anterior
			D)	pectoralis minor

Learning Outcome 9.17

58			The _____ will move the shoulders on a forward plane.
			A)	pectoralis major
			B)	pectoralis minor
			C)	deltoid
			D)	serratus anterior

Learning Outcome 9.17

59			An antagonist of the teres major is the _____.
			A)	pectoralis major
			B)	supraspinatus
			C)	infraspinatus
			D)	subscapularis

Learning Outcome 9.17

60			The _____ is a common intramuscular injection site, which flexes the shoulder or extends the arm.
			A)	pectoralis major
			B)	deltoid
			C)	trapezius
			D)	coracobrachialis

Learning Outcome 9.17

61			Which triangular thoracic muscle causes the arms to move towards the midline?
			A)	subscapularis
			B)	teres minor
			C)	pectoralis major
			D)	latissimus dorsi

Learning Outcome 9.16

62			A synergist with the biceps brachii is the _____.
			A)	triceps brachii
			B)	brachialis
			C)	deltoid
			D)	supinator

Learning Outcome 9.17

63			The pronator teres inserts on the _____.
			A)	radius
			B)	ulna
			C)	humerus
			D)	scapula

Learning Outcome 9.17

64			The following belong together except which one?
			A)	flexor carpi radialis
			B)	palmaris longus
			C)	flexor digitorum profundus
			D)	extensor carpi ulnaris

Learning Outcome 9.17

65			Which of the following does not belong with the rest?
			A)	external oblique
			B)	transversus abdominis
			C)	internal oblique
			D)	rectus abdominis

Learning Outcome 9.17

66			The following can be grouped together except which one?
			A)	coccygeus
			B)	sphincter urethrae
			C)	bulbospongiosus
			D)	ischiocavernosus

Learning Outcome 9.16

67			The psoas major is the antagonist to the _____.
			A)	psoas minor
			B)	gluteus maximus
			C)	iliacus
			D)	pectineus

Learning Outcome 9.17

68			The _____ muscle attaches to a long band of tendon which runs down the lateral aspect of the leg.
			A)	iliacus
			B)	tensor fasciae latae
			C)	adductor longus
			D)	gracilis

Learning Outcome 9.16

69			The _____ muscle causes one to cross the leg by adducting the thigh and flexing the lower leg.
			A)	iliopsoas
			B)	sartorius
			C)	gracilis
			D)	adductor magnus

Learning Outcome 9.17

70			Which muscle runs from the anterior superior iliac spine to the medial tibial surface near the patella?
			A)	vastus medialis
			B)	vastus lateralis
			C)	semitendinosus
			D)	sartorius

Learning Outcome 9.17

71			Which of the following does NOT belong with the others?
			A)	semimembranosus
			B)	biceps femoris
			C)	sartorius
			D)	semitendinosus

Learning Outcome 9.17

72			Which of these does NOT belong with the others?
			A)	vastus intermedius
			B)	rectus femoris
			C)	vastus medialis
			D)	biceps femoris

Learning Outcome 9.16

73			The following cause dorsiflexion of the foot except which one?
			A)	extensor digitorum longus
			B)	soleus
			C)	tibialis anterior
			D)	peroneus tertius

Learning Outcome 9.16

74			Which of the following is attached to the calcaneus?
			A)	gastrocnemius
			B)	tibialis posterior
			C)	peroneus longus
			D)	peroneus tertius

Learning Outcome 9.16

75			The _____ is inserted on the base of the first metatarsal.
			A)	soleus
			B)	tibialis anterior
			C)	tibialis posterior
			D)	extensor digitorum longus

Learning Outcome 9.5

76			Spontaneous contraction of random groups of muscles is called _____.
			A)	syncytium
			B)	peristalsis
			C)	fibrillation
			D)	contracture

Learning Outcome 9.4

77			A disease which results in muscle weakness because of abnormal neuromuscular junction activity is _____.
			A)	poliomyelitis
			B)	myasthenia gravis
			C)	multiple sclerosis
			D)	muscular dystrophy

Learning Outcome 9.10

78			Which of the following refers to a prolonged muscular spasm?
			A)	myotonia
			B)	paresis
			C)	myalgia
			D)	contracture

Learning Outcome 9.2

79			The layer of connective tissue that separates the muscle tissue into small sections is called the ______________.
			A)	aponeuroses
			B)	epimysium
			C)	perimysium
			D)	endomysium

Learning Outcome 9.3

80			The segment of a myofibril that is called a sarcomere runs from _______________.
			A)	one Z line to the next Z line
			B)	one H zone to the next H zone
			C)	one A band to the next A band
			D)	one end of a skeletal muscle to the opposite end

Learning Outcome 9.3

81			The ______________ are an invagination of the muscle cell's sarcolemma.
			A)	sarcoplasmic reticula
			B)	transverse (T) tubules
			C)	cisternae
			D)	microtubules

Learning Outcome 9.4

82			Into what does the neuron release its neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction?
			A)	motor end plate
			B)	cytoplasm of the muscle cell
			C)	cisternae
			D)	synaptic cleft

Learning Outcome 9.4

83			A motor unit is made up of _______________.
			A)	all the muscle fibers within a given muscle
			B)	a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates
			C)	all the neurons going into an individual section of the body
			D)	a fascicle and a nerve

Learning Outcome 9.5

84			The crossbridges involved in muscle contraction are located on the ________________.
			A)	myosin myofilaments
			B)	actin myofilaments
			C)	tropomyosin
			D)	dystrophin

Learning Outcome 9.5

85			Which of these statements is correct regarding skeletal muscle contraction?
			A)	All motor units act together.
			B)	Muscle contraction continues for long periods after nervous stimulation ceases.
			C)	The crossbridges bind to the actin and shorten the sarcomeres.
			D)	Dystrophin is not needed to strengthen the contracting muscle cell.

Learning Outcome 9.13

86			The type of muscle found in the irises of the eyes and in the blood vessels is called _______________.
			A)	visceral smooth muscle
			B)	multiunit smooth muscle
			C)	cardiac muscle
			D)	skeletal muscle

Learning Outcome 9.15

87			Why can cardiac muscle fibers contract for longer periods than skeletal muscle fibers?
			A)	Cardiac muscle is self-excitatory.
			B)	Extracellular calcium partially controls the strength (and length) of contraction.
			C)	Cisternae of T-tubules is more developed in cardiac muscle.
			D)	Cardiac muscle is uninucleate rather than multinucleate.

Learning Outcome 9.16

88			Which muscle enables you to pucker your lips for a kiss?
			A)	epicranius
			B)	buccinator
			C)	orbicularis oris
			D)	orbicularis oculi

Learning Outcome 9.16

89			The muscle that enables you to elevate and adduct your scapula is the ____________.
			A)	serratus anterior
			B)	sternocleidomastoid
			C)	splenius capitis
			D)	rhomboideus major

Learning Outcome 9.16

90			Which muscle is the strongest flexor of the elbow?
			A)	brachialis
			B)	biceps brachii
			C)	brachioradialis
			D)	deltoid

Learning Outcome 9.17

91			The biceps femoris is one hamstring muscle located on the back of the thigh. Which muscle is another hamstring?
			A)	adductor magnus
			B)	semitendinosus
			C)	gluteus maximus
			D)	quadriceps femoris

Learning Outcome 9.17

92			Which of the following does NOT belong with the others?
			A)	multinucleated
			B)	skeletal
			C)	striated
			D)	involuntary

Learning Outcome 9.3

93			Which term is the smallest subdivision in this group?
			A)	fiber
			B)	fibril
			C)	filament
			D)	actin

Learning Outcome 9.11

94			Muscles that are NOT used, may degenerate or undergo a process of _____.
			A)	atrophy
			B)	hypertrophy
			C)	fatigue
			D)	tetany

Learning Outcome 9.16

95			Muscles that act to cause similar movements are called _____.
			A)	antagonists
			B)	origins
			C)	insertions
			D)	synergists

Learning Outcome 9.17

96			The triangle shaped muscle which antagonizes the sternocleidomastoid is the _____.
			A)	deltoid
			B)	pectoralis major
			C)	external oblique
			D)	trapezius

Learning Outcome 9.16

97			The antagonist to the triceps brachii is the _____.
			A)	deltoid
			B)	pectoralis major
			C)	brachialis
			D)	serratus anterior

Learning Outcome 9.6

98			Energy is normally not consumed during the relaxation process.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 9.6

99			The enzyme acetylcholinesterase acts to increase the force of a muscle contraction.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 9.5

100			Food poisoning from botulism can cause death from respiratory failure.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 9.7

101			The inability to contract, or fatigue, is primarily caused by a lack of glucose and oxygen in muscle.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 9.7

102			The liver can convert lactic acid to glucose.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 9.10

103			Skeletal muscles continue to contract following death.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 9.12

104			Red muscles are slow contracting and are typically found in the eyelids and hands.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 9.11

105			Recruitment is the process in which there is an increase in the number of motor units activated.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 9.11

106			The staircase effect refers to an increase in the strength of a muscle contraction that occurs during exercise.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 9.14

107			Smooth muscles are not striated and as such do not have actin and myosin filaments.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 9.14

108			Smooth muscle can be stimulated to contract by stretching.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 9.14

109			Smooth muscle fibers usually can respond faster than skeletal.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 9.15

110			Cardiac muscle is striated, found only in the heart, and does not rely on calcium as much as skeletal muscles do for contraction.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 9.15

111			The heart only contains cardiac muscle.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 9.16

112			The part of the muscle that moves is referred to as its insertion.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 9.16

113			A muscle causing flexion is the antagonist to one that could cause extension at the same time.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 9.16

114			The orbicularis muscles are sphincter muscles, which cause the eyes to squint and lips compress.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 9.17

115			The temporalis is attached to the temporal bone and plays its greatest role in facial expression.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 9.17

116			The triceps brachii is an antagonist of the brachioradialis.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 9.17

117			The triceps has one head of origin on the humerus and two on the scapula.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 9.2

118			Tenosynovitis is an inflammation of the connective tissue associated with muscles.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 9.2

119			Treatment for compartment syndrome may involve a fasciotomy.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 9.17

120			The biceps brachii is located on the humerus but has no major attachments to the humerus.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 9.17

121			In general, the flexors of the hand and fingers are located on the posterior surface of the forearm.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 9.17

122			The abdominal muscles commonly insert on the linea alba.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 9.16

123			There are skeletal muscles attached to the penis or clitoris.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 9.16

124			When one is standing upright, the gluteus muscles are mainly in a state of relaxation.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 9.16

125			Torticollis is a condition in which the neck muscles contract involuntarily.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 9.3

126			The term muscle fiber is synonymous with a group of muscle cells.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 9.15

127			The heart muscle will still contract even if removed from the body.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 9.15

128			It is easier to fatigue an arm muscle than the heart muscle.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 9.13

129			A skeletal muscle also contains smooth muscle fibers within it.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 9.3

130			A nerve fiber comes in direct contact with a muscle fiber at the neuromuscular junction.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 9.8

131			The expression "oxygen debt" refers to the lack of sufficient oxygen and lactic acid for contraction.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 9.11

132			Isotonic contractions occur as one pushes against the wall of a building.
			A)	True
			B)	False