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Life, 4/e

Ricki Lewis, University of New York at Albany
Mariëlle Hoefnagels, University of Oklahoma
Douglas Gaffin, University of Oklahoma
Bruce Parker, Utah Valley State College

The Immune System

Testing Your Knowledge

1. How do the immune systems of vertebrates differ from those of invertebrates, and how are they similar?

2. What would be a consequence of a lack of:

a. helper T cells

b. cytotoxic T cells

c. B cells

d. gamma-delta T cells

e. macrophages

3. State the function of each of the following immune system biochemicals:

a. defensins

b. collectins

c. antibodies

d. cytokines

e. complement proteins

4. Describe the immune defenses of three types of organisms.

5. List the cells and biochemicals that provide the humoral and cellular immune responses.

6. What do a plasma cell and a memory cell descended from the same B cell have in common, and how do they differ?

7. What part do antibodies play in allergic reactions and in autoimmune disorders?

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1. What parts of the immune system do the following conditions affect?

a. AIDS.

b. Hay fever.

c. Anaphylactic shock.

d. Myasthenia gravis.

2. How do each of the following cells interact with other immune system cells?

a. Mast cells.

b. Macrophages.

c. Cytotoxic T cells.

d. Helper T cells.

e. B cells.

3. How can HIV kill cytotoxic T cells if it can’t enter them?

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