 |
1 | |
Internal respiration refers to gas exchanges that occur between alveolar air and the blood. (p. 482) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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2 | |
Gas exchange between the lungs and the blood, and between the blood and tissue fluid, is an active transport process. (p. 482) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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3 | |
Some of the bronchioles participate in gas exchange between air and blood. (p. 482) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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4 | |
Inserting a tube into the trachea to permit breathing is called a tracheostomy. (p. 485) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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5 | |
Regardless of the temperature of the environmental air, inspired air has a temperature of 37°C by the time it reaches the alveoli. (p. 485) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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6 | |
The alveoli have ciliated cells in them to help expel dust particles that make it this far down into the respiratory tract. (p. 485) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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7 | |
There is no real space in the pleural cavity of a healthy individual. (p. 485) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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8 | |
Intrapulmonary pressure must be greater than atmospheric pressure for air to enter the lungs. (p. 492) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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9 | |
Normal inspiration is possible only because the lungs are highly elastic. (p. 488) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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10 | |
It normally requires no muscular effort to exhale. (p. 491) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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11 | |
Pneumothorax usually involves the collapse of only one lung. (p. 488) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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12 | |
Thanks to the surface tension exerted by water in the alveoli, the alveoli normally do not collapse when one exhales. (p. 488) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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13 | |
Even after exhaling as forcefully as possible, one still has air in the lungs. (p. 489) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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14 | |
A newborn infant must generate 15-20 times as much transpulmonary pressure to inflate the lungs in the first breath as in subsequent breaths. (p. 490) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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15 | |
The internal intercostal muscles are not required for normal, relaxed respiration. (p. 491) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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16 | |
Asthma greatly reduces the vital capacity of the lungs. (p. 494) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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17 | |
One should be able to forcibly expel 80% or more of the vital capacity in one second. (p. 494) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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18 | |
Bronchoconstriction due to cigarette smoke or air pollution will lower the FEV1.0 but will not lower the vital capacity. (p. 494) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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19 | |
Cessation of breathing is called hypoventilation. (p. 493) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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20 | |
Epinephrine can be used to treat an asthmatic attack without the danger of also overstimulating the heart. (p. 494) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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21 | |
Strenuous exercise has no significant effect on the PO2 of the arterial blood. (p. 499) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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22 | |
The resistance to pulmonary circulation drops sharply at the time of birth. (p. 500) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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23 | |
In adults, pulmonary blood pressure is lower than systemic blood pressure. (p. 500) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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24 | |
Systemic arterioles generally dilate in response to low PO2, but pulmonary arterioles constrict. (p. 500) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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25 | |
In a standing person, the alveoli located at the apex of the lung are better ventilated (in liters per minute) than the alveoli found at the base of the lung. (p. 500) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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26 | |
Hyperventilation substantially increases the PO2 of the blood. (p. 504) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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27 | |
Hypercapnia is caused by hyperventilation. (p. 504) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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28 | |
Acidosis affects respiration because hydrogen ions diffuse from the blood to the chemoreceptor neurons of the medulla oblongata, and these neurons are connected to neurons of the rhythmicity center. (p. 504) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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29 | |
The PO2 of the blood normally has no direct effect on respiration, but does affect the sensitivity of peripheral chemoreceptors to CO2. (p. 505) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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30 | |
When deoxyhemoglobin (reduced hemoglobin) binds to oxygen, it becomes oxidized hemoglobin. (p. 507) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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31 | |
When the temperature of a tissue increases through usage, hemoglobin unloads more oxygen to it. (p. 509) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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32 | |
Fetal hemoglobin, or hemoglobin F does not bind oxygen as well as adult hemoglobin, hemoglobin A. (p. 511) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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33 | |
Some adults have large amounts of fetal hemoglobin in their blood. (p. 512) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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34 | |
In its passage through the alveolar capillaries, a red blood cell gives up chloride ions and carbon dioxide. (p. 513) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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35 | |
Acidosis is a state in which the blood and tissue fluid have an acidic pH. (p. 515) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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36 | |
Metabolic and respiratory alkalosis and acidosis have completely different causes, so a pH imbalance due to respiratory causes cannot be compensated (corrected) for by metabolic adjustments or vice versa. (p. 515) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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37 | |
Pulmonary ventilation increases during exercise due to stimulation of peripheral chemoreceptors by the extra CO2 produced. (p. 515) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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38 | |
At the outset of exercise, pulmonary ventilation increases even more before there is a need for it. (p. 516) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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39 | |
Athletes conditioned for endurance are able to use more of the oxygen available in the blood stream than unconditioned people. (p. 518) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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40 | |
Hemoglobin binds the same amount of oxygen without respect to altitude, so the fatigue of unconditioned people at high altitudes must be due to some other cause. (p. 517) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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41 | |
People conditioned to high altitudes have higher hemoglobin concentrations than people conditioned to low altitudes. (p. 518) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education