Chapter Objectives

After studying this chapter, students should be able to . . .

2. State which cells in the human body transport themselves by amoeboid movement and explain how they perform this movement.

3. Describe the structure of cilia and flagella, and state some of their functions.

4. Explain the processes of phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and exocytosis.

5. Explain the functions of the cytoskeleton, lysosomes, mitochondria, and the endoplasmic reticulum.

6. Describe the structure of the cell nucleus and explain its significance.

7. Describe the structure of nucleotides and distinguish between DNA and RNA.

8. Explain how DNA is constructed and what is meant by the law of complementary base pairing.

9. Explain how RNA is produced according to the genetic information in DNA and distinguish between the different types of RNA.

10. Describe how proteins are produced according to the information contained in messenger RNA.

11. Describe the structure and function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex and explain how they function in the secretion of proteins.

12. Explain what is meant by the semiconservative mechanism of DNA replication.

13. Describe the different stages of the cell cycle and list the events that occur in the different phases of mitosis.

14. Define the terms hypertrophy and hyperplasia and explain their physiological importance.

15. Describe the events that occur in meiosis.

16. Compare these to those that occur in mitosis and explain the significance of meiotic cell division in human physiology.