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1 | |
The cell membrane is composed primarily of protein molecules embedded in a double layer of ____ molecules. (p. 51) |
| | A) | phospholipid |
| | B) | carbohydrate |
| | C) | nucleic acid |
| | D) | amino acid |
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2 | |
Which of the following is not a function of protein in the cell membrane? (p. 52) |
| | A) | structural support |
| | B) | synthesis of DNA |
| | C) | enzymatic control of chemical reactions |
| | D) | receptors for hormones and other arriving regulatory molecules |
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3 | |
Which of the following organic molecules is not commonly found in the cell membrane? (p. 52) |
| | A) | carbohydrates |
| | B) | protein |
| | C) | cholesterol |
| | D) | nucleic acids |
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4 | |
Which of the following best describes the process of exocytosis? (p. 53) |
| | A) | phagocytosis |
| | B) | pinocytosis |
| | C) | receptor-mediated endocytosis |
| | D) | secretory vesicle fusion and content release |
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5 | |
Which of the following processes results in the formation of a food vacuole within the cell that will subsequently be digested by enzymes from the lysosome. (p. 53) |
| | A) | phagocytosis |
| | B) | pinocytosis |
| | C) | receptor-mediated endocytosis |
| | D) | exocytosis |
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6 | |
The ____ are structures that greatly increase the surface area of cell membranes and thereby promote the rapid diffusion of molecules. (p. 54) |
| | A) | cilia |
| | B) | microvilli |
| | C) | flagella |
| | D) | microtubules |
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7 | |
Worn-out organelles and phagocytic by-products are characteristically found within the ____, located in the cytoplasm. (p.57) |
| | A) | primary lysosome |
| | B) | secondary lysosome |
| | C) | residual body |
| | D) | secretory vesicle |
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8 | |
DNA molecules can be found both in the nucleus and in the ____. (p. 58) |
| | A) | ribosomes |
| | B) | lysosomes |
| | C) | Golgi complex |
| | D) | mitochondria |
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9 | |
The organelle that stores calcium (Ca2+) in striated muscle cells and is involved in steroid hormone metabolism is the ____. (p. 56) |
| | A) | endoplasmic reticulum |
| | B) | lysosome |
| | C) | Golgi complex |
| | D) | mitochondria |
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10 | |
Membranes folded into cristae, with matrix and energy production, are characteristics of the organelle known as the ____.(p.58) |
| | A) | ribosome |
| | B) | lysosome |
| | C) | Golgi complex |
| | D) | mitochondria |
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11 | |
Autophagy, a process that destroys worn-out organelles, is a function of the ____. (p. 57) |
| | A) | cytoskeleton |
| | B) | lysosome |
| | C) | Golgi complex |
| | D) | mitochondria |
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12 | |
A gene is best described as a (p.60) |
| | A) | molecule of freshly synthesized protein |
| | B) | region of DNA within the nucleus |
| | C) | section of rough endoplasmic reticulum |
| | D) | that portion of the ribosome to which the mRNA will attach |
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13 | |
A five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base combine to form a larger molecule known as a ____. (p. 42) |
| | A) | protein |
| | B) | nucleic acid |
| | C) | nucleotide |
| | D) | phospholipid |
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14 | |
The nitrogenous base in DNA that is not found in RNA is____. (p. 44) |
| | A) | adenine |
| | B) | guanine |
| | C) | thymine |
| | D) | cytosine |
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15 | |
The threadlike material that makes up the chromosomes within the cell nucleus is actually a combination of DNA and protein known as ____. (p. 62) |
| | A) | chromatin |
| | B) | histones |
| | C) | double helix |
| | D) | nucleoli |
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16 | |
Which of the following is not a type of ribonucleic acid (RNA)? (p. 64) |
| | A) | messenger |
| | B) | mitochondrial |
| | C) | transfer |
| | D) | ribosomal |
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17 | |
Introns and exons are parts of a gene responsible for ordering the direct synthesis of (p. 64) |
| | A) | pre-mRNA |
| | B) | mRNA |
| | C) | rRNA |
| | D) | tRNA |
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18 | |
The RNA type that diffuses through the nuclear pores to direct the assembly or synthesis of new protein molecules at the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, is (p. 62) |
| | A) | pre-mRNA |
| | B) | mRNA |
| | C) | rRNA |
| | D) | tRNA |
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19 | |
When mRNA enters the cytoplasm, it attaches to the (p.65) |
| | A) | mitochondria |
| | B) | endoplasmic reticulum |
| | C) | ribosome |
| | D) | lysosome |
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20 | |
Translation is best defined as the synthesis of (p. 65) |
| | A) | mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA from DNA in the nucleus |
| | B) | pre-mRNA only from DNA in the nucleus |
| | C) | specific proteins from the mRNA base sequence code |
| | D) | new, complementary strands of DNA in the nucleus |
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21 | |
The RNA type characterized by bending on itself to form a cloverleaf structure that twists further into an upside down "L" shape is called (p. 64) |
| | A) | pre-mRNA |
| | B) | mRNA |
| | C) | rRNA |
| | D) | tRNA |
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22 | |
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase is a group of enzymes that join a specific ____ molecule to the end of its complementary tRNA molecule. (p. 65) |
| | A) | nucleic acid |
| | B) | amino acid |
| | C) | pentose sugar |
| | D) | protein |
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23 | |
All of the following are functions of the Golgi complex except (p. 68) |
| | A) | preparing new proteins for inside-the-cell use |
| | B) | further modification of new proteins (for example glycoproteins or glycolipids) |
| | C) | organizing proteins by function and destination |
| | D) | packaging the final proteins and shipping to their destination |
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24 | |
Vesicles that leave the Golgi complex may become all of the following except (p. 68) |
| | A) | lysosomes |
| | B) | storage granules of secretory products |
| | C) | new enzymes for metabolic reactions in the cytoplasm |
| | D) | additions to the cell membrane |
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25 | |
The name of the specific enzyme required to replicate DNA, is called (p. 69) |
| | A) | aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase |
| | B) | RNA polymerase |
| | C) | DNA polymerase |
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26 | |
The phase of the cell cycle during which DNA replicates itself is known as ____ phase. (p. 71) |
| | A) | G2 |
| | B) | G1 |
| | C) | S |
| | D) | M |
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27 | |
One very important tumor suppressor gene that blocks the stimulation of uncontrolled cell division, and thereby inhibits cancer development, is known as (p. 71) |
| | A) | an oncogene |
| | B) | a centromere |
| | C) | p53 |
| | D) | cyclin D |
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28 | |
The concentration of cyclin D proteins within the cell rise and act to move the cell quickly through the ____ phase of the cell's cycle. (p. 71) |
| | A) | G1 |
| | B) | S |
| | C) | G2 |
| | D) | M |
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29 | |
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase are substages of which cell cycle phase? (p. 71) |
| | A) | G1 |
| | B) | S |
| | C) | G2 |
| | D) | M |
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30 | |
The cellular structures composed of specialized protein microtubules that form spindle fibers during anaphase and pinch off newly formed daughter cells during cell division, best describe the (p. 72) |
| | A) | nucleoli |
| | B) | mitochondria |
| | C) | centrosomes and centrioles |
| | D) | Golgi complex and endoplasmic reticulum |
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31 | |
Which of the following share identical base sequences? (p. 72) |
| | A) | two homologous chromosomes |
| | B) | two chromatids |
| | C) | DNA transcribed to mRNA |
| | D) | mRNA translated to tRNA |
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32 | |
Which of the following statements about meiosis is false? (p. 75) |
| | A) | Each daughter cell is genetically identical to the parent cell. |
| | B) | Final daughter cells are gametes, either four sperm or a single ova. |
| | C) | Each daughter cell contains a total of twenty-three chromosomes (haploid). |
| | D) | Crossing-over or mixing of maternal and paternal chromosomes may occur. |
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33 | |
Which of the following events only occurs during meiosis and not in mitosis? (p. 75) |
| | A) | metaphase I |
| | B) | anaphase I |
| | C) | cytokinesis |
| | D) | crossing over |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education