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1 | |
A cell can be divided into three principal parts: the cell (plasma) membrane, the cytoplasm and organelles, and the nucleus. (p. 50) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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2 | |
The cell membrane is also known as the plasma membrane. (p.50) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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3 | |
The hydrophilic core of the membrane restricts the passage of water and water-soluble molecules and ions. (p. 51) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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4 | |
The variety of specialized functions and selective transport properties that are characteristic of the membrane are believed to be due primarily to its carbohydrate content. (p. 51) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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5 | |
The membrane is not solid, the phospholipid and protein molecules are free to move laterally in a constantly changing mosaic pattern - often referred to as the fluid-mosaic model of membrane structure. (p. 52) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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6 | |
The uptake of cholesterol molecules by cells lining an arterial blood vessel is an example of receptor-mediated endocytosis. (p. 54) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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7 | |
In the process of endocytosis, secretory vesicles fuse with the cell membrane and release their contents into the extracellular environment. (p. 54) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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8 | |
In the human body, cilia are found along the apical surface of epithelial cells (the surface facing the lumen, or cavity) of the respiratory and female reproductive tracts. (p. 55) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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9 | |
In the human body, only flagella are composed of protein microtubules arranged in a characteristic "9 + 2" pattern. (p. 55) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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10 | |
The jellylike matrix within a cell is known as the cytoskeleton. (p. 56) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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11 | |
The cytoskeleton is composed of protein fibers called microtubules and microfilaments, arranged in a complex flexible and mobile latticework. (p. 56) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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12 | |
Autophagy is a process involving lysosomes that destroy worn-out organelles so that they can be continuously replaced - also characterized as the "digestive system" of the cell. (p. 57) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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13 | |
Lysosomes are found only in the ovum (egg cell) but not in sperm; and contain a more primitive form of DNA molecules that can transmit genetic defects from mother to child. (p.56) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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14 | |
Most, if not all, organelles in the cell have a limited life span, and thus must be continuously destroyed and replaced. (p. 57) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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15 | |
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum would be abundant in cells that are active in protein synthesis and secretion, such as those of many exocrine and endocrine glands. (p. 59) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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16 | |
The phenomenon of "tolerance" to certain substances such as alcohol and certain drugs may be accompanied by growth of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, particularly in liver cells. (p. 60) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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17 | |
Mitochondria may be able to reproduce themselves, especially in cells that require greater than normal energy outputs. (p. 58) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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18 | |
Small molecules may pass through the nuclear pore complexes located along the nuclear envelope by simple diffusion, but movement of larger protein and RNA molecules is a selective, energy-requiring process. (p. 60) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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19 | |
The expression of genes occurs in two sequential stages: first, genetic translation and then, genetic transcription. (p. 63) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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20 | |
The one or more dark areas within the nucleus are known as nucleoli, that contain DNA and code for the production of ribosomal RNA (rRNA). (p. 62) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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21 | |
Although DNA is the largest molecule in the cell, it has a simpler structure than that of most proteins. (p. 42) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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22 | |
According to the law of complementary base pairing, the number of purine bases in DNA molecules is greater than the number of pyrimidine bases in DNA.(p. 43) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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23 | |
Although composed of only four different types of bases, a gene extends several thousand nucleotides in length.(p. 44) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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24 | |
DNA is double-stranded, meaning there are two chains of DNA that twist about one another to form a double helix molecule resembling a spiral staircase. (p. 44) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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25 | |
Positively charged histone proteins spool around negatively charged strands of DNA molecules in the nucleus to form larger chromatin particles called nucleosomes.(p. 62) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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26 | |
Heterochromatin refers to the active regions of chromatin in the cell nucleus that have a threadlike appearance in the electron microscope whereas euchromatin appears as blotches and represents the inactive chromatin.(p. 63) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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27 | |
All types of RNA are formed from the information contained in the DNA within the nucleus.(p. 64) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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28 | |
Like DNA, RNA is also double-stranded. (p. 64) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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29 | |
The synthesis of RNA molecules from DNA is called genetic translation. (p. 63) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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30 | |
In the synthesis of RNA, the enzyme RNA polymerase is required to "unzip" a section of the paired DNA bases by breaking the weak hydrogen bonds and transcribing only one exposed strand of DNA. (p. 63) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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31 | |
The genes from DNA in the nucleolus located within the nucleus of the cell code for the specific production of transfer RNA (tRNA). (p. 62) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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32 | |
In humans, a pre-tRNA is produced that must be modified within the nucleus before it can enter the cytoplasm as tRNA and direct protein synthesis. (p. 64) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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33 | |
Segments of DNA scattered along a gene that do not participate in transcription of the genetic code, are called exons. (p. 64) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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34 | |
Arriving in the cytoplasm, the mRNA can pass through a number of ribosomes to form a "string-of-pearls" structure called a polyribosome, or polysome, for short. (p. 65) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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35 | |
The sequence of three bases (a base triplet) in tRNA is called a codon, while the complementary triplet in mRNA is called an anticodon. (p. 65) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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36 | |
There are twenty different varieties of synthetase enzymes in the cytoplasm, one to bind with each type of amino acid in the assembly of proteins at the ribosome. (p. 65) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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37 | |
Proteins that are to be used within the cell are produced by the polyribosomes that float freely in the cytoplasm region of the cell. (p. 67) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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38 | |
Proteins that are synthesized for specific functions within a particular cell possess a hydrophobic leader sequence that permits the entry of these proteins into the cisterna of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. (p. 67) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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39 | |
The hormone, insulin is a good example of a protein molecule that is easily synthesized at the ribosome, processed by the endoplasmic reticulum, and secreted directly from the cell. (p. 68) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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40 | |
The Golgi complex and endoplasmic reticulum are responsible for applying the finishing touches on proteins destined for secretion out of the cell. (p. 67) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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41 | |
A stack of several flattened sacs that receive, modify, and repackage proteins into new vesicles best describes the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell. (p. 67) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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42 | |
DNA is the only type of molecule in the body capable of replicating itself. (p. 69) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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43 | |
"Semiconservative" means only one of the two DNA strands is needed to synthesize pre-mRNA during transcription. (p. 69) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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44 | |
The non-dividing cell exists in a part of its life cycle known as interphase - which is subdivided into G1, S, and G2 phases. (p. 70) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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45 | |
The "S" phase of the cell cycle refers to the secretory phase of the cell. (p. 71) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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46 | |
A group of proteins known as the cyclins are active during different phases of the cell cycle. (p. 71) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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47 | |
One very important oncogene is known as p53. (p. 71) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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48 | |
Apoptosis refers to cell death during which the cell swells, ruptures its membranes, and burst. (p. 72) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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49 | |
At the end of the G2 phase of the cell cycle, each chromosome consists of two strands called chromatids which are joined together by a centromere. (p. 72) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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50 | |
In anaphase of mitosis, the chromosomes line up single file along the equator of the cell. (p. 73) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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51 | |
The division of the cytoplasm during telophase is called cytokinesis. (p. 72) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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52 | |
During mitosis, the centrosomes organize contractile filaments that consist of actin and myosin proteins (also present in muscle) that attach to the cell membrane and help pinch the mother cell into two identical daughter cells. (p. 72) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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53 | |
Growth due to an increase in cell number as a result of mitotic cell division is called hypertrophy. (p. 74) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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54 | |
Polycythemia is defined as an abnormal increase in the number of circulating red blood cells and therefore would be an example of hypertrophy. (p. 74) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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55 | |
Meiosis is also known as reduction division since the daughter cells contain twenty-three rather than forty-six chromosomes. (p. 75) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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56 | |
Due to random shuffling of homologous pairs (one from mom and one from dad) and to crossing over that occurs during metaphase I, the gametes that are formed by meiosis have undergone genetic recombination. (p. 77) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education