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Hole's Human Anatomy & Physiology, 9/e

David Shier, Washtenaw Community College
Ricki Lewis, The University at Albany
Jackie Butler, Grayson County Community College

Respiratory System

Multiple Choice Quiz

Please answer all questions


1	The utilization of oxygen by metabolic processes is correctly referred to as _____.
		A)	respiration
		B)	ventilation
		C)	external respiration
		D)	cell respiration


2	Which of the following is part of the upper respiratory tract?
		A)	lungs
		B)	trachea
		C)	bronchi
		D)	pharynx


3	The internal nares will open into the _____.
		A)	trachea
		B)	nasal pharynx
		C)	oral pharynx
		D)	nasal cavity


4	The olfactory nerves pass through openings in the _____.
		A)	vomer
		B)	cribriform plate
		C)	superior conchae
		D)	nasal septum


5	Most of the respiratory passage surface is lined with _____.
		A)	pseudostratified epithelium
		B)	simple columnar cells
		C)	stratified squamous cells
		D)	simple squamous epithelium


6	Which of the following is not a property of the mucous lining of the respiratory tract?
		A)	warms incoming air
		B)	contains microvilli
		C)	contains cilia
		D)	cleanses particles


7	Which of the following does not contain a sinus?
		A)	frontal bone
		B)	ethmoid
		C)	zygomatic bone
		D)	sphenoid bone


8	What is the anatomical term for the throat?
		A)	larynx
		B)	pharynx
		C)	trachea
		D)	esophagus


9	Where are the palatine tonsils located?
		A)	oral pharynx
		B)	nasal pharynx
		C)	laryngeal pharynx
		D)	nasal cavity proper


10	The epiglottis is part of the _____ and covers the glottis.
		A)	trachea
		B)	oral pharynx
		C)	larynx
		D)	laryngeal pharynx


11	The true vocal cords move because they are attached to the ______ cartilage.
		A)	thyroid
		B)	cricoid
		C)	corniculate
		D)	arytenoid


12	C-shaped pieces of cartilage are found within the _____.
		A)	trachea
		B)	bronchioles
		C)	larynx
		D)	pharynx


13	The carina separates the _____ from each other.
		A)	lungs
		B)	secondary bronchi
		C)	primary bronchi
		D)	trachea and bronchi


14	There are _____ secondary bronchi?
		A)	2
		B)	4
		C)	5
		D)	6


15	The bronchioles enter the _____ of the lungs.
		A)	carina
		B)	hilus
		C)	lobules
		D)	alveoli


16	The functional gas exchanging units are termed _____.
		A)	lobules
		B)	lobar areas
		C)	alveoli
		D)	bronchioles


17	The relative amount of smooth muscle is highest in the _____.
		A)	primary bronchi
		B)	bronchioles
		C)	trachea
		D)	secondary bronchi


18	The tissue lining the alveoli is _____ epithelium.
		A)	pseudostratified columnar
		B)	cuboidal
		C)	simple squamous
		D)	stratified squamous


19	How many alveoli are there in an average adult lung?
		A)	100,000
		B)	1 million
		C)	300,000,000
		D)	50,000


20	Gas is exchanged in the alveoli by a process of _____.
		A)	simple diffusion
		B)	active transport
		C)	facilitated diffusion
		D)	filtration


21	What is the entrance into the lungs called?
		A)	carina
		B)	apex
		C)	lobule
		D)	hilus


22	The pleural cavity is the space between the lung and _____.
		A)	visceral pleural
		B)	thoracic wall
		C)	parietal pleura
		D)	mediastinum


23	The main function of the pleural membranes is to _____.
		A)	maintain pressure
		B)	increase thoracic pressure
		C)	remove foreign particles
		D)	reduce friction


24	Atmospheric pressure is around _____ mmHg.
		A)	760
		B)	500
		C)	120
		D)	850


25	The movement of air within the respiratory system is correctly referred to as _____.
		A)	breathing
		B)	inhalation
		C)	exhalation
		D)	ventilation


26	What prevents the alveoli from collapsing during exhalation?
		A)	surface tension
		B)	cartilage
		C)	phospholipids
		D)	pressure


27	The main force causing the exhalation of air is the _____.
		A)	contraction of diaphragm
		B)	elastic recoil
		C)	diaphragm relaxation
		D)	intercostal muscles


28	During inspiration the intra-alveolar pressure reaches _____.
		A)	760 mmHg
		B)	758 mmHg
		C)	763 mmHg
		D)	730 mmHg


29	A pneumothorax occurs when the thoracic pleural pressure reaches around _____ mmHg.
		A)	780
		B)	760
		C)	755
		D)	0


30	The _____ muscle can cause a forced exhalation.
		A)	diaphragm
		B)	pectoralis major
		C)	internal intercostal
		D)	external intercostal


31	The amount of air that enters the lungs during normal, restful breathing is called the _____.
		A)	vital capacity
		B)	tidal air volume
		C)	total lung capacity
		D)	expiratory reserve volume


32	The amount of air that cannot be expelled is the _____.
		A)	total lung capacity
		B)	expiratory reserve volume
		C)	functional residual capacity
		D)	residual volume


33	Which of these is the sum of the other three?
		A)	tidal volume
		B)	expiratory reserve
		C)	vital capacity
		D)	inspiratory reserve


34	The total amount of air that cannot be exchanged either because of disease or because it cannot reach an exchange site is termed the _____.
		A)	anatomical dead space
		B)	physiologic dead space
		C)	residual volume
		D)	functional reserve capacity


35	The condition characterized by alveolar fibrosis with difficulty exhaling is _____.
		A)	bronchial asthma
		B)	bronchogenic carcinoma
		C)	emphysema
		D)	poliomyelitis


36	The condition characterized by difficulty breathing due to an allergic response is _____.
		A)	pulmonary cancer
		B)	bronchial asthma
		C)	tuberculosis
		D)	atelectasis


37	Non-respiratory movements are most easily triggered by stimuli in which of these areas?
		A)	larynx
		B)	alveoli
		C)	distal bronchioles
		D)	alveolar ducts


38	Which reflex involves a spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm?
		A)	sneeze
		B)	hiccup
		C)	cough
		D)	yawn


39	Which reflex is caused by local alveolar decreases in oxygen content?
		A)	cough
		B)	laugh
		C)	hiccup
		D)	yawn


40	Breathing is mainly controlled by the _____.
		A)	local alveoli
		B)	medulla oblongata
		C)	pons
		D)	pneumotaxic center


41	Which area exerts its effect on the primary breathing control areas?
		A)	pneumotaxic area of pons
		B)	dorsal respiratory group
		C)	ventral respiratory group
		D)	brain stem rhythmicity centers


42	Which of the following factors favors an increase in breathing rate?
		A)	increased blood oxygen
		B)	increased blood carbon dioxide
		C)	increased pH
		D)	decreased acidity


43	Which of the following does not stimulate the medullary breathing center chemosensitive neurons?
		A)	low blood pH
		B)	low blood oxygen
		C)	high blood carbon dioxide
		D)	high spinal fluid acidity


44	Which of these is not a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
		A)	emphysema
		B)	asthma
		C)	lung cancer
		D)	bronchitis


45	Which mechanism prevents over-inflation of the lungs?
		A)	surfactant secretion
		B)	blood pH levels
		C)	the chemoreceptor reflexes
		D)	Hering-Breuer reflex


46	Which is the most common cause of hyperventilation?
		A)	low pH
		B)	high pH
		C)	anxiety
		D)	high carbon dioxide


47	Which is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere?
		A)	oxygen
		B)	carbon dioxide
		C)	argon
		D)	nitrogen


48	What is the partial pressure of atmospheric oxygen?
		A)	160 mm Hg
		B)	21%
		C)	760 mm Hg
		D)	0.3 mm Hg


49	What is the normal PCO2 of the capillary blood?
		A)	0.05 mm Hg
		B)	45 mm Hg
		C)	40 mm Hg
		D)	104 mmHg


50	What is the normal PO2 of the alveolar air?
		A)	40 mm Hg
		B)	45 mm Hg
		C)	104 mm Hg
		D)	50 mm Hg


51	Where is the highest amount of carbon dioxide found?
		A)	in the air
		B)	in the alveoli
		C)	the arteries entering the lung
		D)	the veins leaving the lung


52	Which condition is characterized by inflammation and infection involving the alveoli?
		A)	ARDS
		B)	tuberculosis
		C)	pneumonia
		D)	atelectasis


53	Most of the oxygen in the blood is found in the _____.
		A)	plasma
		B)	hemoglobin
		C)	iron
		D)	capillaries


54	At high PO2 levels, where is most oxygen located?
		A)	oxyhemoglobin
		B)	hemoglobin
		C)	plasma
		D)	free heme


55	Which of the following factors favors a release of oxygen from hemoglobin?
		A)	decreased CO2
		B)	decreased pH
		C)	lower blood temperature
		D)	increased pH


56	Which of these has the highest affinity for hemoglobin?
		A)	CO2
		B)	nitrogen
		C)	O2
		D)	CO


57	Where is most carbon dioxide transported?
		A)	in the plasma
		B)	as carbaminohemoglobin
		C)	as bicarbonate
		D)	on the heme


58	The most important factor that allows the blood to carry carbon dioxide in high amounts is _____.
		A)	pressure
		B)	tissue production
		C)	carbonic anhydrase
		D)	hemoglobin affinity

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