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Hole's Human Anatomy & Physiology, 9/e

David Shier, Washtenaw Community College
Ricki Lewis, The University at Albany
Jackie Butler, Grayson County Community College

Respiratory System

Multiple Choice Quiz

Please answer all questions


1	The exchange of gases between the blood and the cells of the body is called _________________.
		A)	external respiration
		B)	internal respiration
		C)	pulmonary ventilation
		D)	cellular respiration


2	Which of these functions cannot be attributed to the mucous membrane that lines the nasal cavity?
		A)	warms incoming air
		B)	filters particles from incoming air
		C)	moistens incoming air
		D)	initial gas exchange between air and blood occurs here


3	The ____________ cartilage(s) mark(s) the lowermost portion of the larynx.
		A)	cricoid
		B)	thyroid
		C)	epiglottic
		D)	corniculate


4	The true vocal cords are those that produce the sounds of the human voice. Where are these located?
		A)	opposite the cuneiform cartilages
		B)	superior to the false vocal cords
		C)	inferior to the false vocal cords
		D)	within the pharynx


5	Within the bronchial tree, which tubes are small branches that enter the lobules of the lungs?
		A)	terminal bronchioles
		B)	alveolar ducts
		C)	intralobular bronchioles
		D)	lobar bronchi


6	Thin-walled outpouchings of the alveolar ducts of the lungs are the ___________________.
		A)	alveolar ducts
		B)	alveolar sacs
		C)	alveoli
		D)	respiratory bronchioles


7	The primary force responsible for air moving into the lungs during inhalation is _________________.
		A)	atmospheric pressure
		B)	muscular contraction
		C)	reduced surface tension inside the lungs
		D)	muscular relaxation


8	The lipoprotein known as _____________ reduces surface tension within the alveoli so they do not collapse during exhalation.
		A)	surfactant
		B)	phospholipid
		C)	beryllium
		D)	alveolar membrane lipoprotein


9	The force of exhalation is primarily due to _____________________.
		A)	greater atmospheric pressure outside the lungs than inside
		B)	elastic recoil of thoracic muscles
		C)	forceful blowing to remove air from the lungs
		D)	muscular contraction


10	Even after the most forceful exhalation, a certain volume of air remains in the lungs. This volume is called the ________________.
		A)	tidal volume
		B)	expiratory reserve volume
		C)	vital capacity
		D)	residual volume


11	The maximum amount of air a person can exhale after taking the deepest breath possible is the _________________.
		A)	total lung capacity
		B)	inspiratory reserve volume
		C)	vital capacity
		D)	expiratory reserve volume


12	The basic rhythm of breathing is controlled by which portion of the brain?
		A)	peripheral chemoreceptors
		B)	dorsal respiratory group of the medullary rhythmicity center
		C)	ventral respiratory group of the medullary rhythmicity center
		D)	pneumotaxic area


13	The respiratory membrane, across which gases diffuse, is very thin and is made up of _______________.
		A)	alveolar macrophages and the alveolar cell membrane
		B)	alveolar cell membrane and its basement membrane
		C)	alveolar cell membrane and capillary membrane
		D)	alveolar cell membrane, capillary membrane, and fused basement membranes


14	Whether oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood or not is dependent upon _______________.
		A)	the partial pressure of oxygen in the lungs and in the blood
		B)	the partial pressure of oxygen in the lungs only
		C)	the partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood
		D)	the partial pressure of all gases in the atmosphere and blood


15	Within the blood, oxygen is primarily transported __________________ while the bulk of carbon dioxide is transported _________________.
		A)	in association with hemoglobin; as carbon dioxide, dissolved in the plasma
		B)	as deoxyhemoglobin; as carbaminohemoglobin
		C)	as oxyhemoglobin; as bicarbonate ions
		D)	dissolved in the plasma; as carbaminohemoglobin


16	What is the first structure in this respiratory sequence?
		A)	lungs
		B)	trachea
		C)	larynx
		D)	pharynx


17	Which structures play the greatest role in warming and humidifying air?
		A)	ethmoid sinus
		B)	soft palate
		C)	conchae
		D)	frontal sinus


18	The area directly superior to the soft palate is the _____.
		A)	larynx
		B)	nasopharynx
		C)	oral cavity
		D)	oropharynx


19	Which sinuses are not paranasal sinuses?
		A)	mastoid
		B)	ethmoid
		C)	sphenoid
		D)	frontal


20	Where are the pharyngeal tonsils located?
		A)	oropharynx
		B)	oral cavity
		C)	laryngopharynx
		D)	nasopharynx


21	Which passageway serves as a common route for food or air?
		A)	esophagus
		B)	laryngopharynx
		C)	oropharynx
		D)	trachea


22	What is the opening to the larynx called?
		A)	trachea
		B)	epiglottis
		C)	laryngopharynx
		D)	glottis


23	What is the Adam's apple directly part of?
		A)	thyroid cartilage
		B)	tracheal rings
		C)	cricoid cartilage
		D)	epiglottis


24	Which part of the respiratory tree has the greatest relative percentage of smooth muscle fibers?
		A)	trachea
		B)	alveoli
		C)	bronchi
		D)	bronchioles


25	The only structures that allow gas diffusion across them are the _____.
		A)	bronchioles
		B)	alveoli
		C)	alveolar ducts
		D)	bronchi


26	Which principle normally prevents the alveoli from collapsing during expiration?
		A)	the thickness of the alveolar membranes
		B)	the amount of cartilage within bronchi
		C)	pressure within the thoracic cavity
		D)	secretion of surfactant


27	The space between the two lungs is called the _____.
		A)	pleural cavity
		B)	thoracic space
		C)	mediastinum
		D)	pericardial cavity


28	What are the most powerful stimuli for breathing?
		A)	high pH; high CO2
		B)	low pH; low CO2
		C)	low pH; high CO2
		D)	high ph: low CO2

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