| Assignable variation | Deviation in the output of a process that can be clearly identified and managed.
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| Attributes | Quality characteristics that are classified as either conforming or not conforming to specification.
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| Capability index (Cpk) | The ratio of the range of values produced by a process divided by the range of values allowed by the design specification.
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| Common variation | Deviation in the output of a process that is random and inherent in the process itself.
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| Statistical process control (SPC) | Techniques for testing a random sample of output from a process to determine whether the process is producing items within a prescribed range.
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| Upper and lower specification or tolerance limits | The range of values in a measure associated with a process that are allowable given the intended use of the product or service.
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| Variables | Quality characteristics that are measured in actual weight, volume, inches, centimeters, or other measure.
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