 |  Inline/Online: Fundamentals of the Internet and the World Wide Web, 2/e Raymond Greenlaw,
Armstrong Atlantic State University
Ellen Hepp,
The University of New Hampshire
Chapter 3 - The Internet
Chapter 3 Key TermsThis glossary contains a list of important terms used in the text. Both the terms and their meanings are presented. This list is not intended to be exhaustive. For example, many of the HTML concepts are not included, but can easily be traced through the index.
| applet | A small Java program. Applet means “little application.”
(See 100, 506-511, 631)
| | | | | baud rate or bit rate | A measure of the rate at which data is transferred over telecommunications lines. Many modems have a data transfer rate
of 56 Kbps, that is, 56,000 bits per second, or 56,000 baud.
(See 111, 632)
| | | | | byte | A computer measurement equal to eight bits and used to indicate
file size. It is also used in conjunction with time to indicate transfer
rates.
(See 114, 632)
| | | | | Cascading Style Sheets | Amethod of specifying content that is common to a series of Web pages.
(See 120, 417, 610, 633)
| | | | | circuit switching | A method of data transmission that was popular before the advent of packet switching.
(See 101, 633)
| | | | | client-server model | The scheme in which many clients make requests to a small number of servers. The servers respond to clients’ requests.
(See 113-114, 633)
| | | | | collaborative computing | Acomputing platform that allows the sharing of information and resources among two or more users. Lotus Notes, Novell’s Groupwise, and Microsoft Exchange are some applications that
support collaborative computing.
(See 47, 136-140, 633)
| | | | | cookie | A piece of information saved by your Web browser to a file on
your disk. The information can be retrieved by a Web server that your browser accesses.
(See 47, 133-134, 144, 634)
| | | | | cyberspace | A popular term for the Internet. See also Internet.
(See 125, 634)
| | | | | domain name system (DNS) | A distributed naming scheme in which unique names are assigned to computers on the Internet.
(See 103, 610)
| | | | | dynamic IP address | The address assigned by your ISP when you connect to the Internet; this address usually changes each time you log on. This is in contrast to a static IP address.
(See 116, 635)
| | | | | emoticons | Symbols made up of keyboard characters designed to express emotion; most commonly used in text-only communication, such as email.
(See 22, 125-126, 636)
| | | | | file transfer | A way of transferring files from one computer to another computer, using a network. (See also FTP.)
(See 4, 100, 243-261, 631, 636)
| | | | | firewall | A security mechanism that organizations use to protect their
intranets from the Internet.
(See 139, 565-566, 567, 636)
| | | | | gopher | A menu-based Internet browsing tool that was very popular in the early 1990s.
(See 4, 55, 105, 637)
| | | | | groupware | The body of software that comprises a collaborative computing
platform.
(See 139, 140, 637)
| | | | | hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) | The rules that govern how hypertext is exchanged over the Internet.
(See 54, 55, 109, 129, 610, 638)
| | | | | Information Superhighway | A popular name for the Internet. See also Internet.
(See 98, 99-100, 639)
| | | | | Internet | A global system of networked computers, including their users and data.
(See 98-140, 639)
| | | | | Internet Explorer | The name of Microsoft’s Web browser.
(See 45, 106, 125, 149, 150-151, 536, 610, 639)
| | | | | Internet Protocol (IP) | One of the primary protocols in the TCP/IP suite; IP specifies how data is routed from computer to computer on the Internet.
(See 99, 109, 611, 639)
| | | | | Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) | The latest version of the Internet Protocol (IP).
(See 116, 611, 639)
| | | | | intranet | A private network in which access is limited to authorized users and a security measure known as a firewall is employed to prevent
unauthorized users from gaining access.
(See 121, 639)
| | | | | IP address | Numerical computer names that uniquely identify each computer on the Internet. Each address consists of four bytes, and each byte represents a decimal number from 0 to 255. The address is often represented by four decimal numbers separated by dots.
(See 114-116, 639)
| | | | | Java | An object-oriented programming language that was developed by
Sun Microsystems and is widely used to create dynamic Web pages.
(See 106, 145, 487, 507-515, 639)
| | | | | kilobit | 1,000 bits; a unit of measurement often associated with modem
transfer rates. Example: 56 Kbps (kilobits per second).
(See 111, 640)
| | | | | Local Area Network (LAN) | A privately owned computer network that is usually confined to a single building.
(See 103, 552, 611, 640)
| | | | | mailing list | A group of users with a shared interest, whose email addresses
are kept in an electronic list that can be used to send email to each member on the list.
(See 2, 4, 104, 125, 641)
| | | | | Mosaic | The first widely popular graphical Web browser. It was developed
by Marc Andreessen and several other graduate students at the
University of Illinois in 1993.
(See 45, 105, 641)
| | | | | newsgroup | An on-line forum that allows users from all over the world to participate in a discussion about a specific topic.
(See 2, 55, 103, 125, 432-448, 570, 642)
| | | | | packet | A small piece of a message that is transported over the Internet.
(See 35, 109-111, 112-113, 120, 643)
| | | | | packet switching | The technology employed to route messages over the Internet.
(See 101, 110, 433, 643)
| | | | | Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) | A protocol that is widely used for transferring packets over telephone lines.
(See 115, 568-569, 570, 612, 643)
| | | | | remote login | Amethod of logging into another (distant) computer from the one to which you are currently connected. Once logged in, you can
execute commands on the remote computer.
(See 100, 234, 241-243, 645)
| | | | | resolver | A computer program that translates between domain names and IP addresses.
(See 115, 645)
| | | | | router | A special-purpose computer that directs packets of data along a
network.
(See 111, 114, 120, 645)
| | | | | server | A computer that satisfies user (client) requests.
(See 111, 646)
| | | | | static IP address | A permanently assigned IP address.
(See 115, 647)
| | | | | Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) | The protocol suite that determines how computers connect, send, and receive information on the Internet.
(See 99, 103, 104, 109, 115, 568, 570, 571, 612, 648)
| | | | | Uniform Resource Locator (URL) | A Web page address, such as
http://www.playground.com/ ∼killface/cats.html
(See 116-117, 143, 649)
| | | | | videoconferencing | A system designed to permit real-time interaction between multiple parties. It can involve one or more of the following: real-time talk or chat, whiteboard graphics, audio, black and white video, or color video.
(See 126, 138-139, 613, 649)
| | | | | Web server | A computer that satisfies requests for Web pages.
(See 13, 61, 62-64, 133, 650)
| | | | | World Wide Wait Problem | The delay experienced on the Internet, caused by the tremendous popularity of the Web.
(See 119, 651)
| | | | | World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) | A group that provides an open forum to facilitate communication between individuals dealing with matters related to the World Wide Web.
(See 119-121, 417, 613, 651)
| | | | | Yahoo! | A popular search engine and directory developed by former
Stanford graduate students David Filo and Jerry Yang.
(See 12, 105, 127, 188, 191, 192, 194, 199, 206, 651)
|
|
2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education