| serial communication | a chain of command transmission
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| hearing | the involuntary, physiological process by which we process sound
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| listening | the deliberate psychological process by which we receive, understand, and retain aural stimuli
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| listening level-energy involvement scale | a scale identifying four levels of receiving
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| empathic listening | listening to help others
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| feedback | information returned to a message source or a communicator
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| evaluative feedback | a positive or negative judgment
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| formative feedback | timed negative feedback
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| nonevaluative feedback | nondirective feedback
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| probing | a nonevaluative technique in which we ask for additional information
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| understanding | a nonevaluative response that uses paraphrasing to check comprehension
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| supportive feedback | a nonevaluative response indicating that the receiver perceives a problem as important
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| "I" messages | a nonevaluative response that conveys our feelings about the nature of a situation
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| "you" messages | a response that places blame on another person
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| critical thinking | the careful and deliberate process of message evaluation
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| red-flag words | words which trigger an emotional reaction and drop listening efficiency to zero
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| speech-thought differential | the difference between thinking and speaking rate
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| paraphrasing | restating in your own words what another person has said
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| visualization | the picturing of experience
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| dialogic listening | the awareness of what happens between people as they respond to each other
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education