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1 | |
All of the following are periods of prenatal development, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | ovulation. |
| | B) | germinal. |
| | C) | embryonic. |
| | D) | fetal. |
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2 | |
Human fertilization typically takes place in the: |
| | A) | ovary. |
| | B) | fallopian tube. |
| | C) | uterus. |
| | D) | vaginal canal. |
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3 | |
A fertilized ovum is called:
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| | A) | a blastocyst.
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| | B) | an egg.
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| | C) | an embryo.
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| | D) | a zygote.
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4 | |
The period of prenatal development that occurs in the first two weeks after conception is called the period.
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| | A) | fetal
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| | B) | germinal
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| | C) | embryonic
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| | D) | blastocystic
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5 | |
A skin defect might be traced back to an initial problem with the embryo's cells.
|
| | A) | mesoderm
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| | B) | ectoderm
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| | C) | microderm
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| | D) | endoderm
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6 | |
How does the placenta/umbilical cord life-support system prevent harmful bacteria from invading a fetus?
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| | A) | Bacteria are too large to pass through the placenta walls.
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| | B) | The placenta generates antibodies that attack and destroy bacteria.
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| | C) | Bacteria become trapped in the maze of blood vessels of the umbilical cord.
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| | D) | No one understands how the placenta keeps bacteria out.
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7 | |
During the second trimester, the amniotic sac is filled mainly with:
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| | A) | blood.
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| | B) | mucus.
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| | C) | urine.
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| | D) | air.
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8 | |
The fetal period is best described as a time when:
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| | A) | major organ systems emerge from the less differentiated endoderm and mesoderm.
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| | B) | support systems that sustain the fetus become fully formed and functioning.
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| | C) | fine details are added to systems that emerged during the embryonic period.
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| | D) | teratogens are most likely to impair development.
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9 | |
Organogenesis takes place during which stage of development?
|
| | A) | germinal
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| | B) | zygotic
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| | C) | embryonic
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| | D) | fetal
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10 | |
While looking over a newborn, a physician notes that the neonate's outer ears are severely deformed. Based on her knowledge of prenatal development, the physician would suspect the damage occurred during the stage of development.
|
| | A) | germinal
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| | B) | zygotic
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| | C) | embryonic
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| | D) | fetal
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11 | |
_________ are important dimensions for providing adequate health care for expectant mothers from various cultural groups.
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| | A) | Cultural assessments
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| | B) | Home care remedy evaluations
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| | C) | Hospice care options
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| | D) | Neonatal care units
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12 | |
A medicine woman or medicine man is an indigenous healer in which culture?
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| | A) | Anglo American
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| | B) | Asian American
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| | C) | Mexican American
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| | D) | Native American
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13 | |
Which phrase best defines a teratogen?
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| | A) | a life-support system that protects the fetus
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| | B) | an agent that stimulates the formation of organs
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| | C) | an abnormality in infants of alcoholic mothers
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| | D) | an environmental factor that produces birth defects
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14 | |
Which of the following statements about fetal alcohol syndrome is most accurate?
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| | A) | The infant is often physically deformed and below average in intelligence.
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| | B) | Fetal alcohol syndrome commonly results in miscarriages.
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| | C) | Fetal alcohol syndrome causes ectopic pregnancies.
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| | D) | Babies suffering from fetal alcohol syndrome are often born before term and with low birthweights.
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15 | |
A common characteristic of babies born to women who smoke during their pregnancies is:
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| | A) | a missing arm or leg.
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| | B) | facial deformities and below-average intelligence.
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| | C) | restlessness and irritability.
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| | D) | lower birthweights.
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16 | |
All of the following have been found to endanger the unborn child EXCEPT:
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| | A) | saunas and hot tubs.
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| | B) | PCB-polluted fish.
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| | C) | carbon monoxide.
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| | D) | computer monitors.
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17 | |
Researchers now believe that maternal stress may lead to birth defects by:
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| | A) | reducing the amount of oxygen received by the embryo and fetus.
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| | B) | increasing the mother's susceptibility to viruses.
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| | C) | reducing the likelihood of a good placenta-to-uterus connection.
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| | D) | increasing the likelihood of an unusual chromosome split during meiosis.
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18 | |
Which of the following statements about the relationship between age and pregnancy outcome is most accurate?
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| | A) | Adolescent mothers are most likely to have retarded children.
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| | B) | Artificially inseminated women in their thirties and forties are more likely to become pregnant than those in their twenties.
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| | C) | Mothers over age thirty are most likely to have retarded babies.
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| | D) | Adolescent mothers suffer the lowest infant mortality rates of any age group.
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19 | |
Now that Eric and Luz have established their careers and are in their mid-twenties, they are planning to have a baby. In terms of Eric's concerns about the paternal factors that may affect his child, he should be most concerned about:
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| | A) | his high-stress job as an attorney.
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| | B) | the second-hand smoke he encounters in his law office.
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| | C) | his age.
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| | D) | his low dietary intake of vitamin C.
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20 | |
With respect to prenatal care, which of the following countries has the lowest quality medical and educational services?
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| | A) | Norway
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| | B) | the United States
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| | C) | Sweden
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| | D) | France
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21 | |
Mrs. Peters is experiencing contractions every 2 to 5 minutes. She is in which stage of birth?
|
| | A) | first
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| | B) | second
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| | C) | third
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| | D) | fourth
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22 | |
Which of the following can lead to anoxia during the birth process?
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| | A) | having the umbilical cord tighten around the neck of the fetus
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| | B) | use of forceps to help ease the infant from the birth canal
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| | C) | an episiotomy (surgically widening the vaginal opening)
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| | D) | Braxton-Hicks contractions
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23 | |
A physician might elect to give a pregnant mother an oxytocic if:
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| | A) | her contractions have stopped.
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| | B) | she is bleeding vaginally.
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| | C) | she has stopped ovulating.
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| | D) | her placenta has partially detached.
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24 | |
Which statement about the influence on newborns of drugs used during birth is the most accurate?
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| | A) | Experiments on the effects of drugs on childbirth raise few ethical questions.
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| | B) | Methodological problems complicate the results of studies of drug use during labor.
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| | C) | Drugs affect all infants in almost the same way.
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| | D) | Most mothers choose standard childbirth, so researchers are able to learn about how drugs affect labor.
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25 | |
Eleni is a doula. This means she is a:
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| | A) | physician who specializes in obstetrics.
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| | B) | nurse with a specialty in obstetrics.
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| | C) | caregiver who provides support for the mother during birth.
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| | D) | nurse-practitioner who is trained as a midwife to delivery babies.
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26 | |
The main premise of natural or prepared childbirth is summarized by the phrase:
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| | A) | "knowledge is power."
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| | B) | "always say 'no' to drugs."
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| | C) | "it takes two to tango."
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| | D) | "easy does it."
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27 | |
Aisha is using a childbirth strategy that includes a detailed anatomy and physiology course during pregnancy and a special breathing technique to control pushing in the final stages of labor. She is using which method?
|
| | A) | natural childbirth
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| | B) | the Lamaze method
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| | C) | cesarean delivery
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| | D) | the Read method
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28 | |
During the 1980s, the rate of cesarean deliveries performed in the United States:
|
| | A) | increased dramatically.
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| | B) | increased slightly.
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| | C) | decreased slightly.
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| | D) | decreased dramatically.
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29 | |
A "preterm" baby cannot have gestated for more than weeks.
|
| | A) | 26
|
| | B) | 30
|
| | C) | 34
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| | D) | 38
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30 | |
Which of the following statements about a shortened gestation period is most accurate?
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| | A) | It is common for low-birthweight infants.
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| | B) | It often leads to organ malformation.
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| | C) | It is almost always devastating.
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| | D) | It alone does not necessarily harm an infant.
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31 | |
Increases in survival rates for infants who are born very early and very small would predict:
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| | A) | increases in severe brain damage.
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| | B) | a more adaptable immune system.
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| | C) | a tendency toward substance abuse later in life.
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| | D) | higher levels of academic achievement than normal weight infants.
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32 | |
In contrast to the Brazelton scale, the Apgar primarily assesses a newborn's:
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| | A) | psychological status.
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| | B) | reflexes.
|
| | C) | physiological health.
|
| | D) | responsivity to people.
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33 | |
Two-day-old Terry's very low Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale score is often a good indicator that:
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| | A) | he has brain damage.
|
| | B) | his mother took heroin while she was pregnant.
|
| | C) | he will develop a "difficult" temperament.
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| | D) | he is unlikely to bond with his primary caregiver.
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34 | |
Which of the following terms refers to a physical change that occurs to women after childbirth?
|
| | A) | decompression
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| | B) | decompensation
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| | C) | involution
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| | D) | menarche
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35 | |
Marjorie has just had a healthy baby boy and a relatively easy birth. However, now that she is home with her baby, she is experiencing emotional fluctuations. Which of the following is most likely true?
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| | A) | Marjorie should get professional counseling immediately.
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| | B) | Marjorie needs to get more education about how to care for her baby and deal with her feelings.
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| | C) | Marjorie's husband should stay home from work to help her care for the baby.
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| | D) | Marjorie's emotional fluctuations may be due to hormonal changes, fatigue, or demands of having a new baby.
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Match the following persons with the statement or theory that most closely reflects their perspective:
2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education