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1 | |
Which best demonstrates the basic principle of cephalocaudal development?
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| | A) | an infant first producing an endogenous smile, then an exogenous smile, then a laugh
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| | B) | an infant first being able to raise the head, then sit up, then stand up
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| | C) | an infant obtaining visual skills, then olfactory skills, then auditory skills
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| | D) | an infant cooing, then babbling, then the first word, then language
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2 | |
The proximodistal progression pattern is seen in children's:
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| | A) | drawings, which are first done using the entire arm, and eventually using only the wrist and fingers.
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| | B) | toileting behavior, which proceeds from urine control to bowel control.
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| | C) | head size, which originally comprises about one-fourth of the body, and eventually only one-eighth of the body.
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| | D) | memory, which proceeds from sensory store to short-term to long-term store.
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3 | |
Which statement most accurately describes height and weight changes during infancy?
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| | A) | Both increase more rapidly during the second year than during the first year.
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| | B) | Girls increase in height and weight faster than boys do during infancy.
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| | C) | The sexes grow at the same rate during infancy.
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| | D) | Both height and weight increase more rapidly during the first year than during the second year.
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4 | |
Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics of the infant brain?
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| | A) | Increasing experience increases the number of neurons.
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| | B) | Increasing experience increases the number of connections between neurons.
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| | C) | The dendrites branch out with increasing age.
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| | D) | Neurotransmitters change with increasing age.
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5 | |
The process of encasing axons with fat cells, which protects nerve cells and helps nerve impulses travel faster, is referred to as:
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| | A) | neuronal growth.
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| | B) | myelination.
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| | C) | lipidation.
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| | D) | insulation.
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6 | |
6 Charles Nelson has made great strides in finding out about the brain's development in infancy by using:
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| | A) | PET scans.
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| | B) | MRIs.
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| | C) | electrodes.
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| | D) | CT scans.
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7 | |
The most extensive research on brain lateralization has focused on:
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| | A) | language.
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| | B) | visual coordination.
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| | C) | olfaction.
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| | D) | motor coordination.
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8 | |
Research on language processing in the brain has found that:
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| | A) | virtually all language is carried out in the left hemisphere.
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| | B) | virtually all language is carried out in the right hemisphere.
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| | C) | in normal people, the complex thinking required to produce language results from communication between both hemispheres.
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| | D) | in normal people, tasks involving logical thinking are carried out in the left hemisphere and those involving creative thinking occur in the right hemisphere.
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9 | |
Neuroscientists believe that what wires the brain is:
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| | A) | genetic heritage.
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| | B) | repeated experience.
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| | C) | constant stimulation.
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| | D) | a delicate balance of proteins and amino acids.
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10 | |
Before birth, it appears that:
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| | A) | the brain is fully "wired" and ready for action.
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| | B) | intrauterine experiences preprogram the brain's development.
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| | C) | extrauterine experiences preprogram the brain's development.
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| | D) | genes mainly direct how the brain establishes basic wiring patterns.
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11 | |
11 If an alien randomly dropped in on ten newborns, it might conclude that humans spend their entire first months of life:
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| | A) | eating.
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| | B) | crying.
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| | C) | playing.
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| | D) | sleeping.
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12 | |
Which statement most accurately portrays the sleep-wake cycle of infants?
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| | A) | Infants sleep less as they grow older.
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| | B) | Newborn sleep is reflexive, whereas infant sleep is intentional.
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| | C) | Infants eventually sleep more during the day than they do at night.
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| | D) | Infants spend less time sleeping than do adults.
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13 | |
Cross-cultural research demonstrates that infant sleep patterns around the world:
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| | A) | are the same.
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| | B) | differ for each culture.
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| | C) | may relate to mother-child contact.
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| | D) | have been steadily changing as humans evolve.
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14 | |
Sleep researchers have found that:
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| | A) | infants and adults exhibit very similar patterns of REM sleep.
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| | B) | infants engage in more REM sleep than adults.
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| | C) | adults engage in more REM sleep than infants.
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| | D) | adults enter REM sleep earlier in the sleep cycle than infants do.
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15 | |
Since 1992, when the American Academy of Pediatrics began recommending that infants , the frequency of SIDS has decreased.
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| | A) | sleep on their stomachs
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| | B) | sleep on their backs
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| | C) | sleep on their sides
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| | D) | do not sleep with their mothers
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16 | |
Juan was a low-birthweight infant, while Serge was a premature infant. Which statement applies to them?
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| | A) | Neither is vulnerable to SIDS.
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| | B) | Juan is less vulnerable to SIDS than Serge.
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| | C) | Juan is more vulnerable to SIDS than Serge.
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| | D) | Both are vulnerable to SIDS.
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17 | |
Infants require about ________ calories a day for each pound they weigh.
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| | A) | 25
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| | B) | 50
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| | C) | 75
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| | D) | 100
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18 | |
Breast-feeding is superior to bottle-feeding because:
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| | A) | breast-feeding is more convenient and more adaptable to the time requirements of demand feeding.
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| | B) | breast milk is a superior source of the nutrients babies need.
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| | C) | bottle-fed infants suffer psychological damage because they become only weakly attached to their mothers.
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| | D) | breast-feeding is not superior to bottle-feeding; this is a myth.
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19 | |
Which of the following conditions is NOT necessary for a young child to be toilet trained?
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| | A) | adequate motivation
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| | B) | muscular maturation
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| | C) | muscular control
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| | D) | a regulated toileting schedule
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20 | |
Which statement best characterizes infant reflexes?
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| | A) | Reflexes are vestigial remnants of early evolutionary processes.
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| | B) | Reflexes are genetically carried survival mechanisms.
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| | C) | Modern infants rely more on learning than on reflexes.
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| | D) | All reflexes disappear by the end of infancy.
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21 | |
The sucking style of an infant is dependent on all of the following EXCEPT:
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| | A) | the way the milk is coming out of the bottle or breast.
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| | B) | the infant's sucking speed and temperament.
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| | C) | the way the infant is held.
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| | D) | the nourishment being offered.
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22 | |
Charlie turns his head, opens his mouth, and begins sucking when his cheek is stroked. Charlie is demonstrating which reflex?
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| | A) | rooting
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| | B) | Babinski
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| | C) | tonic neck
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| | D) | Moro
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23 | |
Which infant motor event typically occurs first?
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| | A) | stands with support
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| | B) | cruises around furniture
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| | C) | rolls over
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| | D) | sits without support
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24 | |
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that parents:
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| | A) | slowly ease their babies into structured exercise regimes.
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| | B) | enroll their babies in exercise classes.
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| | C) | use exercise sessions as a way to bond with their babies.
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| | D) | avoid structured exercise classes for babies.
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25 | |
As a researcher who uses the developmental biodynamics perspective, Dr. Sandee would:
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| | A) | describe the ages at which various motor achievements are reached.
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| | B) | describe universal milestones (e.g., crawling, walking) as a process of adaptation.
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| | C) | explain the ages at which various motor achievements are reached as a result of brain maturation.
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| | D) | explain the ages at which various motor achievements are reached as a result of maturation of the central nervous system.
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26 | |
occurs when information interacts with sensory receptors.
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| | A) | Sensation
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| | B) | Perception
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| | C) | Intermodal perception
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| | D) | Perceptual-motor coupling
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27 | |
Was William James right when he proclaimed that newborns experience a "blooming, buzzing" world of confusion?
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| | A) | No, because infants display visual preferences.
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| | B) | Yes, because infants' visual acuity is less than that of adults.
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| | C) | Yes, because infants sense the world but do not perceive it.
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| | D) | No, because infants' reflexes allow for organization into perceptual categories.
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28 | |
Robert Fantz (1963) found that infants as young as 2 days old:
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| | A) | were able to focus on their mothers' eyes.
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| | B) | were able to distinguish contour.
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| | C) | showed a preference for patterned stimuli over plain stimuli.
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| | D) | began to perceive the oval shape of the head.
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29 | |
In Gibson and Walk's (1960) experiment, infants placed on one side of a visual cliff refused to go to their mothers who were coaxing them from the other side. This result was cited as evidence for:
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| | A) | depth perception.
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| | B) | failure of visual acuity.
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| | C) | inability to hear at a distance.
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| | D) | inability to crawl.
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30 | |
What evidence indicates that a fetus can hear?
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| | A) | A fetus moves when a loud noise occurs.
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| | B) | Newborns prefer their mother's voice to strangers' voices.
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| | C) | Hearing is more sensitive and better developed among newborns who have been experimentally stimulated before birth
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| | D) | Newborns prefer to hear stories that were read to them in their mother's womb.
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31 | |
One current controversy concerning the medical treatment of infants involves:
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| | A) | the use of small amounts of cocaine to stimulate the heart rate of sluggish neonates.
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| | B) | the rule of now allowing mothers to hold their at-risk low-birthweight neonate immediately after birth.
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| | C) | not using any anesthetics when performing surgery on young infants.
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| | D) | the fact that a mother's opinion outweighs a father's when it comes to a decision of whether a child should be given a heart transplant.
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32 | |
Which of the following smells do infants like the LEAST?
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| | A) | vanilla
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| | B) | fish
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| | C) | their mother's milk
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| | D) | strawberries
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33 | |
Jessica turned her head when she heard footsteps in the hall, then she smiled when she saw her mother come into the room. This demonstrates _________ perception. |
| | A) | depth |
| | B) | intermodal |
| | C) | auditory |
| | D) | visual |
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Match the following persons with the statement or theory that most closely reflects their perspective:
2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education