Chapter Objectives

I.

Understand the difficulty of defining emotion and the complexity of its components.

II.

Describe the use of MAX in determining a developmental timetable of emotions.

III.

Discuss how crying, smiling, and stranger anxiety are important communication mechanisms for infants.

IV.

Explain the concept of temperament, including the types of temperament, goodness of fit, and the implications of temperamental variations for parenting.

V.

Discuss early personality development, including trust and the developing sense of self and independence.

VI.

Define attachment, then describe the importance of the research of Harlow and Zimmerman and the theories of Erik Erikson and John Bowlby.

VII.

Describe the types of attachment and the Strange Situation, being sure to mention what behaviors manifest themselves for each type and what caregiving styles will predict each type.

VIII.

Discuss criticisms of attachment theory and the Strange Situation laboratory procedure, understanding the role played by cultural differences.

IX.

Understand reciprocal socialization and scaffolding, and the notion of the family as a system.

X.

Describe the roles of the mother and the father in the development of an infant.

XI.

Indicate the effects of day care on developmental processes in infancy and what constitutes high-quality day care for infants.

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