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1 | |
Personality characteristics: |
| | A) | are formed during the first 5 years of life. |
| | B) | are affected more by later life experiences than by early life experiences. |
| | C) | appear to change more over long time intervals than over short intervals. |
| | D) | show little stability over time. |
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2 | |
According to research by Thomas and Chess children who had a(n) ________ temperament at 3-5 years of age were ________ to be well-adjusted as young adults. |
| | A) | easy/likely |
| | B) | difficult/likely |
| | C) | shy /likely |
| | D) | shy/not likely |
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3 | |
Ilene readily talks about her relationships, but is rather incoherent when she does. When talking about her parents, she switches between expressing her anger at them and trying to impress you with how she continues trying to please them. Which category of attachment would characterize Ilene? |
| | A) | securely attachment |
| | B) | insecure-dismissing attachment |
| | C) | insecure-clinging attachment |
| | D) | insecure-preoccupied attachment |
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4 | |
Which of the following statements is consistent with the research findings on close relationships? |
| | A) | People who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones. |
| | B) | Birds of a feather flock together. |
| | C) | Distance makes the heart grow fonder. |
| | D) | A rose by any other name will smell as sweetly. |
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5 | |
Consensual validation refers to: |
| | A) | the adolescent's first experiences of sexual intercourse. |
| | B) | support for one's attitudes and behavior through another person's similar attitudes and behavior |
| | C) | parental acceptance of their offspring as independent adults. |
| | D) | attraction among similar individuals. |
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6 | |
Erik Erikson believed that the primary crisis of the early adult years is: |
| | A) | autonomy versus shame and doubt. |
| | B) | identity versus identity confusion. |
| | C) | intimacy versus isolation. |
| | D) | generativity versus stagnation. |
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7 | |
Carl knows that acknowledging and respecting Joanna is part of being a good romantic partner, and he frequently talks about the importance of communication in relationships. However, he has not yet been able to make a commitment to marry Joanna. In terms of relationship maturity, Carl is at the level. |
| | A) | self-focused |
| | B) | role-focused |
| | C) | individuated-connected |
| | D) | generalized-communication |
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8 | |
Ellen Berscheid (2000) believes that __________ is the most important ingredient of romantic love. |
| | A) | sexual desire |
| | B) | commitment |
| | C) | proximity |
| | D) | respect |
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9 | |
When unattached college students identified their closest relationship, most named: |
| | A) | a friend. |
| | B) | their parents. |
| | C) | a close, but nonparent, relative. |
| | D) | a romantic partner. |
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10 | |
A desire to have a partner who is adored and will be near is the basis of: |
| | A) | affectionate love. |
| | B) | consummate love. |
| | C) | friendship. |
| | D) | romantic love. |
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11 | |
In his triangular theory of love, Robert Sternberg describes all of the following types of love EXCEPT: |
| | A) | passion. |
| | B) | intimacy. |
| | C) | commitment. |
| | D) | romance. |
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12 | |
If the only real attraction that Richard and Jamie feel toward each other is sexual, Robert Sternberg would argue that they are: |
| | A) | experiencing infatuation. |
| | B) | experiencing companionate love. |
| | C) | experiencing fatuous love. |
| | D) | not experiencing love. |
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13 | |
In what way are friends different from romantic partners? |
| | A) | Relationships with romantic partners are more likely to involve fascination and exclusiveness. |
| | B) | Relationships with friends are more likely to involve fascination and exclusiveness. |
| | C) | Relationships with romantic partners are more likely to involve trust and spontaneity. |
| | D) | Relationships with romantic partners are more likely to involve acceptance and mutual assistance. |
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14 | |
Research has shown that people feel lonely for all of the following reasons EXCEPT: |
| | A) | society's emphasis on self-fulfillment. |
| | B) | the importance attached to commitment in relationships. |
| | C) | a decline in stable, close relationships. |
| | D) | the rising divorce rate. |
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15 | |
Which of the following statements regarding loneliness and college is MOST accurate? |
| | A) | Loneliness is likely to develop during the social transition from high school to college. |
| | B) | Loneliness remains of little concern for college students. |
| | C) | A lonely high school student is likely to be a lonely college student. |
| | D) | Males are more likely to be lonesome than females. |
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16 | |
The textbook suggests that one way an individual may try to reduce loneliness is by: |
| | A) | changing his or her social needs or desires. |
| | B) | going to social gatherings. |
| | C) | getting involved in an Internet dating service. |
| | D) | becoming absorbed in your work. |
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17 | |
Which process in the family life cycle is related to "launching"? |
| | A) | birth |
| | B) | leaving home and becoming a single adult |
| | C) | taking one's first job and entering the workforce |
| | D) | expecting that, upon reaching the age of 18, the teenager will leave home |
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18 | |
Which phrase would many individuals begin to hear during the sixth stage of the family life cycle? |
| | A) | "How come I have to clean my room? I'm almost in the fifth grade!" |
| | B) | "I now pronounce you husband and wife." |
| | C) | "Hi, Grandpa. Hi, Grandma." |
| | D) | "Honey, I'm pregnant!" |
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19 | |
Which of the following best reflects the changes that have occurred in marital relations over the past 60 years? |
| | A) | They have become more fragile due to the changing norm of male-female equality. |
| | B) | They have become more stable because women are now more satisfied with their lives. |
| | C) | The proportion of women who never marry has increased dramatically. |
| | D) | There have been no major changes in terms of stability, only in terms of structure. |
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20 | |
In a cross-cultural study of marriage around the world, Buss et al. (1990) found which of the following countries considered chastity to be the most important factor in marital selection? |
| | A) | China |
| | B) | Ireland |
| | C) | Germany |
| | D) | the United States |
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21 | |
In a study of beliefs in marriage myths among college students, Jeffrey Larson (1988) found that: |
| | A) | college students' beliefs about marriage are surprisingly realistic. |
| | B) | females tended to approach the subject of marriage more realistically than males. |
| | C) | highly romantic students are likely to experience more marital stability. |
| | D) | the low participation rate in the study indicates that low interest in the subject of marriage seems characteristic among college students generally. |
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22 | |
Which of the following is a myth about marriage described by Gottman and Silver (1999)? |
| | A) | The rate of extramarital affairs by women has increased dramatically. |
| | B) | Affairs are often about seeking to find friendship and support. |
| | C) | There is no one "best" way to work out conflict. |
| | D) | Men are not biologically made for marriage. |
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23 | |
Gottman describes seven main principles that will determine whether a marriage will work or not. These include all of the following EXCEPT: |
| | A) | establishing love maps. |
| | B) | suppressing negative feelings. |
| | C) | letting your partner influence you. |
| | D) | creating shared meaning. |
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24 | |
When looking at gender differences and marital satisfaction, which of the following has NOT been found by researchers? |
| | A) | Women are more expressive and affectionate than men. |
| | B) | Men do not understand what their wives want from them. |
| | C) | Women want more warmth and openness from their husbands. |
| | D) | Women find their family work highly rewarding. |
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25 | |
Which statement is NOT is myth about parenting? |
| | A) | The birth of a child will save a failing marriage. |
| | B) | Children will take care of parents in their old age. |
| | C) | When children fail, the parent is not entirely to blame. |
| | D) | Mothers are naturally better parents than fathers. |
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26 | |
American women have fewer children than in the past. One repercussion of this is that: |
| | A) | men are able to invest a greater amount of time in fathering. |
| | B) | fewer women are entering the workforce. |
| | C) | institutionalized day-care use is on the decline. |
| | D) | women are able to invest more heavily in their children's development. |
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27 | |
Which of the following is NOT one of the common problems of single adults noted in the text? |
| | A) | intimate relationships with other adults |
| | B) | increased risk for sexually transmitted diseases |
| | C) | confronting loneliness |
| | D) | finding a niche in a marriage-oriented society |
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28 | |
Which of the following is a benefit of cohabitation? |
| | A) | Relationships in cohabitation tend to last longer than marriages because there are fewer pressures. |
| | B) | Relationships in cohabitation tend to be more equal than in marriage. |
| | C) | Cohabitation improves an individual's chances for choosing a compatible marriage partner. |
| | D) | Cohabitation leads to greater marital happiness and success. |
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29 | |
Which of the following couples is most likely to get divorced? |
| | A) | Elaine and Alan, whose marriage in their late forties was the first for both |
| | B) | Ivana and Edward, whose joint annual income exceeds $1,000,000 |
| | C) | Linda and Phil, who got married their senior year of high school when they learned Linda was pregnant |
| | D) | Jennifer and Burt, who both have Ph.D.s in the social sciences |
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30 | |
Divorced men and women have higher rates of all of the following EXCEPT: |
| | A) | clinical depression. |
| | B) | alcoholism. |
| | C) | sleep disorders. |
| | D) | immunity to diseases. |
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31 | |
On average, after getting divorced: |
| | A) | women remarry within a year after their divorce if they have young children. |
| | B) | divorced adults remarry within 4 years. |
| | C) | men will wait longer than women to get remarried. |
| | D) | most divorced adults will not remarry. |
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32 | |
With respect to gay and lesbian relationships, researchers have found: |
| | A) | these relationships are similar to heterosexual relationships in their satisfactions, loves, and conflicts. |
| | B) | there are more conflicts in homosexual relationships than in heterosexual relationships. |
| | C) | gay and lesbian partners are generally more open about expressing their love than their heterosexual counterparts. |
| | D) | there is both more conflict and more satisfaction in homosexual relationships than in heterosexual relationships. |
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33 | |
Jean Baker Miller (1986) believes that the study of women's psychological development: |
| | A) | opens up paths to a better understanding of both male and female psychological development. |
| | B) | will harm the inroads women have been making in terms of gaining equal status with men. |
| | C) | will further the feminist movement. |
| | D) | opens the door for women to gain a stronger foothold in the business world. |
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34 | |
In her research on intimate relationships, Harriet Lerner (1989) has found that: |
| | A) | many men distance themselves from their partner when the going gets rough, rather than work on the relationship. |
| | B) | once a person has reached his or her early twenties, it is nearly impossible to learn to move differently in key relationships. |
| | C) | it is important for women to bring a strong, assertive, independent, authentic self to their relationships. |
| | D) | the future well-being of the world rests on women improving their relationships, and men improving their self-development. |
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35 | |
In her book, The Dance of Intimacy, Lerner (1989) argues that competent relationships are those in which: |
| | A) | separateness and connectedness strike a balance. |
| | B) | the intimacy versus isolation conflict is resolved. |
| | C) | self-determination is sacrificed for intimacy with others. |
| | D) | individuality is sacrificed for the good of the relationship. |
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36 | |
According to Deborah Tannen's (1990) analysis of the talk of women and men: |
| | A) | lack of communication is high on men's list of reasons for divorce. |
| | B) | men use talk for information, women use it for interaction. |
| | C) | men are more likely to engage in rapport talk, whereas women are more likely to engage in report talk. |
| | D) | it is extremely unlikely that men and women will be able to make the giant leap across the communication gap. |
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37 | |
According to Joseph Pleck's (1981, 1995) role- strain view: |
| | A) | men need to allow women into the workforce to alleviate men's burden. |
| | B) | the male role is contradictory and inconsistent. |
| | C) | men have become workaholics out of their macho need to provide for their families. |
| | D) | nurturing and being sensitive to others is now being viewed as a way for men to improve their lives. |
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Match the following persons with the statement or theory that most closely reflects their perspective:
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38 | |
Ellen Berscheid |
| | A) | Women need to be assertive, independent, and authentic in relationships |
| | B) | Analyzed the talk of women and men; distinguished rapport talk from report talk |
| | C) | Believes that sexual desire is the most important ingredient of romantic love |
| | D) | Proposed that love includes passion, intimacy, and commitment |
| | E) | Found college students were grossly misinformed about marriage |
| | F) | Found seven main principles determine whether a marriage will work or not |
| | G) | Believes the contradictory, inconsistent male role creates role strain |
| | H) | Studying women's psychological development helps understand male and female psychological development |
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39 | |
Robert Sternberg |
| | A) | Women need to be assertive, independent, and authentic in relationships |
| | B) | Analyzed the talk of women and men; distinguished rapport talk from report talk |
| | C) | Believes that sexual desire is the most important ingredient of romantic love |
| | D) | Proposed that love includes passion, intimacy, and commitment |
| | E) | Found college students were grossly misinformed about marriage |
| | F) | Found seven main principles determine whether a marriage will work or not |
| | G) | Believes the contradictory, inconsistent male role creates role strain |
| | H) | Studying women's psychological development helps understand male and female psychological development |
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40 | |
Jean Baker Miller |
| | A) | Women need to be assertive, independent, and authentic in relationships |
| | B) | Analyzed the talk of women and men; distinguished rapport talk from report talk |
| | C) | Believes that sexual desire is the most important ingredient of romantic love |
| | D) | Proposed that love includes passion, intimacy, and commitment |
| | E) | Found college students were grossly misinformed about marriage |
| | F) | Found seven main principles determine whether a marriage will work or not |
| | G) | Believes the contradictory, inconsistent male role creates role strain |
| | H) | Studying women's psychological development helps understand male and female psychological development |
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41 | |
Harriet Lerner |
| | A) | Women need to be assertive, independent, and authentic in relationships |
| | B) | Analyzed the talk of women and men; distinguished rapport talk from report talk |
| | C) | Believes that sexual desire is the most important ingredient of romantic love |
| | D) | Proposed that love includes passion, intimacy, and commitment |
| | E) | Found college students were grossly misinformed about marriage |
| | F) | Found seven main principles determine whether a marriage will work or not |
| | G) | Believes the contradictory, inconsistent male role creates role strain |
| | H) | Studying women's psychological development helps understand male and female psychological development |
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42 | |
Jeffrey Larson |
| | A) | Women need to be assertive, independent, and authentic in relationships |
| | B) | Analyzed the talk of women and men; distinguished rapport talk from report talk |
| | C) | Believes that sexual desire is the most important ingredient of romantic love |
| | D) | Proposed that love includes passion, intimacy, and commitment |
| | E) | Found college students were grossly misinformed about marriage |
| | F) | Found seven main principles determine whether a marriage will work or not |
| | G) | Believes the contradictory, inconsistent male role creates role strain |
| | H) | Studying women's psychological development helps understand male and female psychological development |
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43 | |
Joseph Pleck |
| | A) | Women need to be assertive, independent, and authentic in relationships |
| | B) | Analyzed the talk of women and men; distinguished rapport talk from report talk |
| | C) | Believes that sexual desire is the most important ingredient of romantic love |
| | D) | Proposed that love includes passion, intimacy, and commitment |
| | E) | Found college students were grossly misinformed about marriage |
| | F) | Found seven main principles determine whether a marriage will work or not |
| | G) | Believes the contradictory, inconsistent male role creates role strain |
| | H) | Studying women's psychological development helps understand male and female psychological development |
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44 | |
John Gottman |
| | A) | Women need to be assertive, independent, and authentic in relationships |
| | B) | Analyzed the talk of women and men; distinguished rapport talk from report talk |
| | C) | Believes that sexual desire is the most important ingredient of romantic love |
| | D) | Proposed that love includes passion, intimacy, and commitment |
| | E) | Found college students were grossly misinformed about marriage |
| | F) | Found seven main principles determine whether a marriage will work or not |
| | G) | Believes the contradictory, inconsistent male role creates role strain |
| | H) | Studying women's psychological development helps understand male and female psychological development |
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45 | |
Deborah Tannen |
| | A) | Women need to be assertive, independent, and authentic in relationships |
| | B) | Analyzed the talk of women and men; distinguished rapport talk from report talk |
| | C) | Believes that sexual desire is the most important ingredient of romantic love |
| | D) | Proposed that love includes passion, intimacy, and commitment |
| | E) | Found college students were grossly misinformed about marriage |
| | F) | Found seven main principles determine whether a marriage will work or not |
| | G) | Believes the contradictory, inconsistent male role creates role strain |
| | H) | Studying women's psychological development helps understand male and female psychological development |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education