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1 | |
According to Paul Baltes, cognitive _____ are the culture-based software programs of the mind. |
| | A) | mechanics |
| | B) | pragmatics |
| | C) | functionings |
| | D) | structures |
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2 | |
In older adulthood: |
| | A) | cognitive pragmatics are likely to improve with aging. |
| | B) | cognitive mechanics are likely to improve with aging. |
| | C) | cognitive pragmatics and cognitive mechanics are both likely to improve with aging. |
| | D) | cognitive pragmatics and cognitive mechanics are both likely to decline with aging. |
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3 | |
In the Berlin study of aging, the key factors accounting for age differences in intelligence were: |
| | A) | visual and auditory acuity. |
| | B) | amount of early education. |
| | C) | quality of early education. |
| | D) | experience with taking tests. |
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4 | |
In a study of younger and older typists, Salthouse (1984) found that: |
| | A) | younger typists consistently outperformed the older typists. |
| | B) | older typists consistently outperformed the younger typists. |
| | C) | when older typists could look ahead, they typed as fast as younger typists. |
| | D) | when the number of characters that the typists could look ahead at was limited, the younger typists slowed considerably. |
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5 | |
The noncognitive factors that have been studied in relation to memory and aging include all of the following EXCEPT: |
| | A) | health. |
| | B) | intelligence. |
| | C) | education. |
| | D) | socioeconomic factors. |
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6 | |
Evelyn, who is 105 years old, is active in her community and continues to play the piano at social gatherings. She loves to tell stories about when she was a little girl. Based on the research on memory and aging, we could expect that: |
| | A) | she believes her memory to be accurate, but in reality it has become increasingly inaccurate as she has aged. |
| | B) | her memory of the events is accurate, and she is telling the stories as they happened. |
| | C) | her memory of the events is accurate, but she is probably adding a lot to her stories that didn't happen. |
| | D) | she can no longer remember these events very well, but she wants to entertain her audience, so she pretends her memory is good. |
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7 | |
As we proceed into late adulthood, we can normally expect the LEAST amount of decline in which aspect of memory? |
| | A) | episodic memory |
| | B) | working memory |
| | C) | semantic memory |
| | D) | perceptual speed |
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8 | |
Older adults are most likely to forget: |
| | A) | the bottom items on a written list of items they need from the hardware store. |
| | B) | how to drive a car. |
| | C) | what items they wanted to buy at a grocery store. |
| | D) | how to play golf. |
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9 | |
Which of the following statements about memory and aging is FALSE? |
| | A) | Positive or negative beliefs about one's memory skills are related to actual memory performance. |
| | B) | Health, education, and socioeconomic status can influence an older adult's performance on memory tasks. |
| | C) | Research has found that maintaining good health can eliminate memory decline. |
| | D) | Using familiar tasks in research reduces age decrements in memory. |
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10 | |
Which task would require wisdom? |
| | A) | remembering a grocery list |
| | B) | braking when a pedestrian steps out in front of your car |
| | C) | helping a son keep his marriage from falling apart |
| | D) | helping a granddaughter with her algebra homework |
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11 | |
The research on wisdom suggests: |
| | A) | wisdom involves the ability to use abstract ideas. |
| | B) | although not all old people are wise, generally speaking wisdom comes with age. |
| | C) | older adults who demonstrate wisdom are faster at processing ideas than those who are less wise. |
| | D) | recent research suggests that there are no age differences in wisdom. |
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12 | |
Which of the following characteristics is positively correlated with scores on intelligence tests? |
| | A) | introversion |
| | B) | well-rounded personality |
| | C) | job experience |
| | D) | educational experience |
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13 | |
The text has noted that older adults return to school because they: |
| | A) | become obsolete due to technological changes. |
| | B) | want to learn more about aging. |
| | C) | have a desire to learn more effective cognitive and social-coping skills. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
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14 | |
Recent research found substantive complex work to be linked with older adults. |
| | A) | higher intellectual functioning in |
| | B) | more accidents in the workplace for |
| | C) | forced retirement of |
| | D) | frustration and inability to cope in |
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15 | |
The cognitive dropoffs that are linked to poor health in the elderly: |
| | A) | are the causative factors of the poor health. |
| | B) | appear to be the direct result of the poor health. |
| | C) | are probably the result of lifestyle behaviors such as inactivity and stress. |
| | D) | appear to be caused by genetic factors. |
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16 | |
Clarkson-Smith and Hartley (1989), in their study of the effects of exercise on cognitive functioning, found that: |
| | A) | aerobic exercise is related to improved cognitive functioning. |
| | B) | yoga is related to improved cognitive functioning. |
| | C) | stretching exercises are related to improved cognitive functioning. |
| | D) | any type of exercise (i.e., aerobic, yoga, stretching) shows greater cognitive benefits for older people than for those who are younger. |
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17 | |
The terminal drop hypothesis claims that death is preceded by a decrease in: |
| | A) | physical functioning. |
| | B) | cognitive functioning. |
| | C) | social interaction. |
| | D) | emotional attachment. |
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18 | |
The mnemonic technique being used when an item to be remembered is paired with a location is: |
| | A) | chunking. |
| | B) | story-telling. |
| | C) | rehearsing. |
| | D) | the method of loci. |
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19 | |
Which statement is most accurate concerning cognitive skills in the elderly? |
| | A) | Training has little effect on slowing declines. |
| | B) | An increasing number of developmentalists have found the elderly can be retrained. |
| | C) | Memory is the only cognitive skill that can be improved by training. |
| | D) | A shift from factual knowledge to wisdom occurs in most elderly adults. |
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20 | |
Which of the following is NOT true when older workers are compared with younger workers? |
| | A) | Older workers have better attendance records. |
| | B) | Older workers have fewer accidents. |
| | C) | Older workers have more disabling injuries. |
| | D) | Older workers are more productive. |
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21 | |
The main reason given in a recent survey of "baby boomers" for why they expect to work during the retirement years is: |
| | A) | for interest or enjoyment. |
| | B) | they need the income. |
| | C) | they want to start a new business. |
| | D) | they want to try a different field of work. |
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22 | |
The 1986 United States ban on any type of age-related mandatory retirement would not apply to: |
| | A) | Harpo, the president of a Fortune-500 company. |
| | B) | Groucho, a college professor. |
| | C) | Chico, a mail carrier. |
| | D) | Zeppo, a fire fighter. |
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23 | |
In Europe: |
| | A) | many of the capitalist countries are attempting to encourage early retirement, while the former Communist countries are trying to encourage older adults to continue working. |
| | B) | many of the former Communist countries are attempting to encourage early retirement, while the capitalist countries are trying to encourage older adults to continue working. |
| | C) | many capitalist and former Communist countries are attempting to encourage early retirement. |
| | D) | many capitalist and former Communist countries are attempting to encourage older adults to continue working. |
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24 | |
Which retiree would be expected to have the POOREST adjustment to retirement? |
| | A) | Zachary, a Ph.D. in sociology, who has been saving for retirement for the past 30 years |
| | B) | Yoel, a widower who has worked in a minimum-wage construction job since high school graduation |
| | C) | Xanath, an interior decorator who has decided to move to France to attend art school at the Sorbonne |
| | D) | Wilma, a widow who volunteers as a guide at the art museum |
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25 | |
All of the following individuals are exhibiting a symptom of major depression EXCEPT: |
| | A) | Ariel, who is making self-derogatory comments. |
| | B) | Belle, who has recurring nightmares. |
| | C) | Cathy, who is not eating. |
| | D) | Darlene, who is completely unmotivated. |
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26 | |
Who is most likely to commit suicide? |
| | A) | Gerard, a widower who lives alone and is in poor health |
| | B) | Harriet, a widow who lives alone and is in poor health |
| | C) | Isaac, who has been arguing with his wife for 50 years |
| | D) | Judith, who has been arguing with her husband for 50 years |
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27 | |
________ is a progressive, irreversible disorder characterized by gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and eventually physical functioning. |
| | A) | Cognitive dementia |
| | B) | Alzheimer's disease |
| | C) | Multi-infarct dementia |
| | D) | Schizophrenia |
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28 | |
In the 1970s, a deficiency of acetylcholine, which plays an important part in memory, was discovered to occur in: |
| | A) | Parkinson's disease. |
| | B) | Alzheimer's disease. |
| | C) | arteriosclerosis. |
| | D) | multi-infarct dementia. |
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29 | |
Depression has been reported in ___________ percent of family caregivers for Alzheimer's patients. |
| | A) | 10 |
| | B) | 25 |
| | C) | 35 |
| | D) | 50 |
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30 | |
How is the clinical picture of multi-infarct dementia different from that of Alzheimer's? |
| | A) | There is a faster decline with multi-infarct dementia. |
| | B) | With treatment, some Alzheimer's patients have been able to slow or reverse their disease; this is not so with multi-infarct dementia. |
| | C) | Individuals with multi-infarct dementia often recover, while those with Alzheimer's don't. |
| | D) | A diagnosis can only be made after death when an autopsy of the brain shows either obstructed blood vessels in a patient with multi-infarct dementia or plaques and tangles in the Alzheimer's patient. |
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31 | |
Parkinson's disease is triggered by a reduction in production of the neurotransmitter: |
| | A) | L-dopa. |
| | B) | serotonin. |
| | C) | acetylcholine. |
| | D) | dopamine. |
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32 | |
Older adults may feel more vulnerable to crime due to: |
| | A) | physical declines. |
| | B) | inability to crime-proof their homes. |
| | C) | the fact that most neighborhoods they live in have deteriorated and become high-crime areas. |
| | D) | large amounts of cash kept at home due to their general distrust of banks. |
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33 | |
Elder maltreatment is primarily carried out by: |
| | A) | family members. |
| | B) | residential care workers. |
| | C) | unknown assailants. |
| | D) | in-home health care workers. |
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34 | |
When compared with younger adults, adults over the age of 65 receive ________ of psychological services. |
| | A) | more than their share |
| | B) | less than their share |
| | C) | about the same amount |
| | D) | substantially more than their share |
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35 | |
Psychotherapists have been accused of failing to accept many older adult clients because: |
| | A) | they believe the prognosis for the older adult is poor. |
| | B) | fewer techniques for treating mental problems among older adults exist. |
| | C) | older clients, compared to younger clients, are less likely to pay the therapists for services rendered. |
| | D) | older clients typically forget their appointments. |
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36 | |
Margaret Gatz suggests a step that should be taken in order for the current health-care system to meet the needs of older adults with mental disorders is to: |
| | A) | allow physicians to provide prescriptions over the phone. |
| | B) | consider limiting the types of psychological care covered by Medicare. |
| | C) | create elder care centers in the workplace. |
| | D) | provide better education for the elderly on how they can benefit from therapy. |
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37 | |
As noted in the text, religion can provide important psychological needs in older adults, including all of the following EXCEPT: |
| | A) | assistance in finding and maintaining a sense of meaningfulness and significance in life. |
| | B) | the ability to accept impending death and the inevitable losses of old age. |
| | C) | social activities and social support. |
| | D) | assistance with psychological problems, such as depression. |
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38 | |
Which of the following would be most consistent with the research on religion and aging? |
| | A) | Rivka, an 87-year-old widow who considers her religious faith to be extremely significant in her life, expresses a sense of well-being. |
| | B) | Avram, a 75-year-old man who practices his religion faithfully, lacks a sense of satisfaction with his life. |
| | C) | Malka, an 88-year-old housewife who has begun to doubt whether there is a god, is satisfied with her life as it is. |
| | D) | Mort, an 80-year-old retiree who no longer practices his faith, expresses a sense of satisfaction with his life. |
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Match the following persons with the statement or theory that most closely reflects their perspective:
2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education