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1 | |
Matter is usually defined as anything that |
| | A) | has a consistent weight unless subdivided. |
| | B) | has a specific volume, but in any shape or size. |
| | C) | occupies space and emits energy in the form of visible light. |
| | D) | occupies space and has mass. |
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2 | |
One of the physical properties of a metal, compared to a nonmetal, is that the metal is malleable. This means you can |
| | A) | see your reflection in it. |
| | B) | use it to conduct electricity. |
| | C) | pound it into a thin sheet. |
| | D) | pull it into a wire that will conduct electricity. |
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3 | |
Chemistry is the science concerned with |
| | A) | how the world around you moves and changes. |
| | B) | the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. |
| | C) | atomic theory and the structure of an atom. |
| | D) | the making of synthetic materials. |
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4 | |
A sample of matter has an indefinite shape and takes the shape of its container. This sample must be in which phase? |
| | A) | gas |
| | B) | liquid |
| | C) | either gaseous or liquid |
| | D) | None of the above. |
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5 | |
A sample of a salt and water solution is homogeneous throughout. Is this sample a mixture or a pure substance? |
| | A) | a pure substance, since it is the same throughout |
| | B) | a mixture, because it can have a variable composition |
| | C) | a pure substance, because it has a definite composition |
| | D) | a mixture, because it has a fixed, definite composition |
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6 | |
Which of the following represents a chemical change? |
| | A) | heating a sample of ice until it melts |
| | B) | tearing a sheet of paper into tiny pieces |
| | C) | burning a sheet of paper |
| | D) | All of the above are correct. |
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7 | |
Which of the following represents a physical change? |
| | A) | the fusion of hydrogen in the sun |
| | B) | making an iron bar into a magnet |
| | C) | burning a sample of carbon |
| | D) | All of the above are correct. |
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8 | |
A pure substance that can be decomposed by a chemical change into simpler substances with a fixed mass ratio is called a (an) |
| | A) | element. |
| | B) | compound. |
| | C) | mixture. |
| | D) | isotope. |
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9 | |
A pure substance that cannot be decomposed into anything simpler by chemical or physical means is called a (an) |
| | A) | element. |
| | B) | compound. |
| | C) | mixture. |
| | D) | isotope. |
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10 | |
If you cannot decompose a pure substance into anything simpler, you know for sure that the substance is a (an) |
| | A) | element. |
| | B) | compound. |
| | C) | element or stable compound. |
| | D) | element, compound, or mixture. |
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11 | |
Priestley discovered oxygen when he heated a red powder, but interpreted his findings in terms of the phlogiston theory. He would not have made this interpretation if, in his experiment, he had |
| | A) | made measurements. |
| | B) | smelled the air. |
| | C) | forced the gas into a container of water. |
| | D) | poured the gas onto a flaming candle. |
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12 | |
How many elements are found naturally on the earth in significant quantities, not including the ones that were artificially produced in nuclear physics experiments? |
| | A) | 81 |
| | B) | 89 |
| | C) | 103 |
| | D) | 109 |
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13 | |
You see the symbols "CO" in a newspaper article. According to the list of elements inside the back cover of this book, these symbols mean |
| | A) | one atom of cobalt. |
| | B) | one atom of copper. |
| | C) | one atom of carbon and one atom of oxygen. |
| | D) | one atom of copper and one atom of oxygen. |
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14 | |
The chemical symbol for sodium is |
| | A) | S. |
| | B) | So. |
| | C) | Na. |
| | D) | Nd. |
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15 | |
The chemical symbol "Fe" can mean |
| | A) | the element fluorine. |
| | B) | one atom of the element fermium. |
| | C) | one atom of the element iron. |
| | D) | the fifth isotope of the element fluorine. |
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16 | |
About 75 percent of the earth's solid crust is made up of how many different kinds of atoms, not including isotopes? |
| | A) | 2 |
| | B) | 8 |
| | C) | 91 |
| | D) | 109 |
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17 | |
Dalton was able to construct a table of relative atomic masses by |
| | A) | using an instrument called a mass spectrometer. |
| | B) | comparing the fixed mass ratios of combining elements. |
| | C) | weighing the molecules of a compound before and after decomposition. |
| | D) | finding the masses of combining elements, then dividing by the number of atoms. |
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18 | |
Two isotopes of the same element have |
| | A) | the same number of protons, neutrons, and electrons. |
| | B) | the same number of protons and neutrons, but different numbers of electrons. |
| | C) | the same number of protons and electrons, but different numbers of neutrons. |
| | D) | the same number of neutrons and electrons, but different numbers of protons. |
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19 | |
Atomic weight is |
| | A) | the weight of an atom in grams. |
| | B) | the average atomic mass of the isotopes as they occur in nature. |
| | C) | the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. |
| | D) | All of the above are correct. |
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20 | |
The mass of any isotope is based on the mass of |
| | A) | hydrogen, which is assigned the number 1 since it is the lightest element. |
| | B) | oxygen, which is assigned a mass of 16. |
| | C) | an isotope of carbon, which is assigned a mass of 12. |
| | D) | its most abundant isotope as found in nature. |
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21 | |
The isotopes of a given element always have |
| | A) | the same mass and the same chemical behavior. |
| | B) | the same mass and a different chemical behavior. |
| | C) | different masses and different chemical behaviors. |
| | D) | different masses and the same chemical behavior. |
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22 | |
If you want to know the number of protons in an atom of a given element, you would look up the |
| | A) | mass number. |
| | B) | atomic number. |
| | C) | atomic weight. |
| | D) | abundance of isotopes compared to the mass number. |
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23 | |
If you want to know the number of neutrons in an atom of a given element, you would |
| | A) | round the atomic weight to the nearest whole number. |
| | B) | add the mass number and the atomic number. |
| | C) | subtract the atomic number from the mass number. |
| | D) | add the mass number and the atomic number, then divide by two. |
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24 | |
Which of the following is always a whole number? |
| | A) | atomic mass of an isotope |
| | B) | mass number of an isotope |
| | C) | atomic weight of an element |
| | D) | None of the above are correct. |
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25 | |
The chemical family of elements called the noble gases are found in what column of the periodic table? |
| | A) | IA |
| | B) | IIA |
| | C) | VIIA |
| | D) | VIIIA |
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26 | |
A particular element is located in column IVA of the periodic table. How many dots would be placed around the symbol of this element in its electron dot notation? |
| | A) | 1 |
| | B) | 3 |
| | C) | 4 |
| | D) | 8 |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education