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1 | |
A model of a motionless Earth with the Sun, Moon, and planets moving around it will explain all observations except |
| | A) | stars maintaining the same relative positions. |
| | B) | the Sun, Moon, and planets rise in the east and set in the west. |
| | C) | the motion of the planets over a year. |
| | D) | None of the above are correct. |
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2 | |
The Ptolemaic system explained retrograde motion by assuming that planets |
| | A) | actually had two different orbital motions. |
| | B) | moved around an epicycle. |
| | C) | moved in a perfect circle while turning on a moving sphere. |
| | D) | All of the above are correct. |
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3 | |
Based on careful measurements, Kepler found that planets move in the path of a (an) |
| | A) | perfect circle. |
| | B) | epicycle. |
| | C) | ellipse. |
| | D) | oval with a loop at both ends. |
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4 | |
Earth is closest to the Sun at what part of its orbit? |
| | A) | perihelion |
| | B) | aphelion |
| | C) | This varies from year to year. |
| | D) | Earth is always the same distance from the Sun. |
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5 | |
Earth moves most slowly in its orbit during the month of |
| | A) | January. |
| | B) | March. |
| | C) | July. |
| | D) | September. |
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6 | |
Earth is closest to the Sun during the month of |
| | A) | January. |
| | B) | March. |
| | C) | July. |
| | D) | September. |
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7 | |
Using Kepler's laws, the distance from the Sun to a planet can be calculated from |
| | A) | the period of rotation of the planet. |
| | B) | the period of revolution of the planet. |
| | C) | the square of its speed when at perihelion. |
| | D) | the cube root of its period of rotation. |
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8 | |
Planets that are progressively farther from the Sun have years that are progressively |
| | A) | longer periods of time. |
| | B) | shorter periods of time. |
| | C) | longer or shorter, depending on the mass of the planet. |
| | D) | longer or shorter, depending on the rate of revolution. |
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9 | |
Earth, other planets, and all the members of the solar system |
| | A) | have always existed. |
| | B) | formed thousands of years ago from elements that have always existed. |
| | C) | formed millions of years ago, when the elements and each body were created at the same time. |
| | D) | formed billions of years ago from elements that were created in many previously existing stars. |
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10 | |
The atmosphere that is found on Earth today |
| | A) | formed when Earth formed. |
| | B) | is the secondary atmosphere that formed from degassing. |
| | C) | is a secondary atmosphere that has been modified over time. |
| | D) | is now as it always has been in the past. |
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11 | |
The belt of asteroids between Mars and Jupiter is probably |
| | A) | the remains of a planet that exploded. |
| | B) | clumps of matter that condensed from the accretion disk, but never got together as a planet. |
| | C) | the remains of two planets that collided. |
| | D) | the remains of a planet that collided with an asteroid or comet. |
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12 | |
Comparing the amount of interior heating and melting that has taken place over time, the smaller planets underwent |
| | A) | more heating and melting because they are smaller. |
| | B) | the same heating and melting as larger planets. |
| | C) | less heating and melting for a shorter period of time. |
| | D) | There is no evidence to answer this question. |
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13 | |
Which of the following planets would be mostly composed of hydrogen, helium, and methane and have a density of less than 2 g/cm3? |
| | A) | Uranus |
| | B) | Mercury |
| | C) | Mars |
| | D) | Venus |
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14 | |
Which of the following planets probably still has its original atmosphere? |
| | A) | Mercury |
| | B) | Venus |
| | C) | Mars |
| | D) | Jupiter |
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15 | |
Of the following planets, which has odd orbital properties compared to the other planets? |
| | A) | Jupiter |
| | B) | Saturn |
| | C) | Neptune |
| | D) | Pluto |
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16 | |
Venus appears the brightest when it is in the |
| | A) | full phase. |
| | B) | half phase. |
| | C) | quarter phase. |
| | D) | crescent phase. |
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17 | |
Which of the following planets has a rotation period (day) longer than its revolution period (year)? |
| | A) | Venus |
| | B) | Jupiter |
| | C) | Mars |
| | D) | None of the above are correct. |
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18 | |
The largest planet is |
| | A) | Saturn. |
| | B) | Jupiter. |
| | C) | Uranus. |
| | D) | Neptune. |
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19 | |
The small body with a composition and structure closest to the materials that condensed from the accretion disk is a(an) |
| | A) | asteroid. |
| | B) | meteorite. |
| | C) | comet. |
| | D) | None of the above are correct. |
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20 | |
A small body from space that falls on the surface of the earth is a |
| | A) | meteoroid. |
| | B) | meteor. |
| | C) | meteor shower. |
| | D) | meteorite. |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education