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1 | |
Echinoderms include ________. |
| | A) | sea stars |
| | B) | sea urchins |
| | C) | sand dollars |
| | D) | feather stars and sea lilies |
| | E) | all of the above |
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2 | |
Which of the following is NOT charcteristic of the echinoderms? |
| | A) | radial symmetry |
| | B) | endoskeleton |
| | C) | spines |
| | D) | free-swimming bilateral symmetrical larvae |
| | E) | all of the above |
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3 | |
Echinoderms and chordates are considered to both be deuterostomes because _______. |
| | A) | their larvae are free-swimming |
| | B) | the second embryonic opening becomes the mouth |
| | C) | the coelom forms by outpocketing of the primitive gut |
| | D) | this is the most primitive form of embryonic development |
| | E) | deuterostomes all demonstrate a shift from radial to bilateral symmetry |
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4 | |
Echinoderms and chordates are considered closely related because _______. |
| | A) | they are both deuterostomes |
| | B) | the second embryonic opening becomes the mouth |
| | C) | they are enterocoelomates where the coelom forms by outpocketing of the primitive gut |
| | D) | they both have dipleurula larvae |
| | E) | all of the above are similarities |
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5 | |
A sea star has a(n) _______ side and a(n) ______ side. |
| | A) | left, right |
| | B) | dorsal, ventral |
| | C) | anterior, posterior |
| | D) | oral, aboral |
| | E) | apical, distal |
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6 | |
Feeding by a sea star consists of ________. |
| | A) | filtering small plankton from the ocean water |
| | B) | pursuing, attacking and engulfing slow fish |
| | C) | grazing on the algae at the ocean bottom |
| | D) | slowly pulling the two shells of a bivalve apart and everting its stomach in order to digest the clam |
| | E) | parasitizing larger sea animals |
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7 | |
Which sea star structure is NOT associated with the water vascular system? |
| | A) | the ring canal |
| | B) | the stone canal |
| | C) | the madreporite (sieve plate) |
| | D) | tube feet |
| | E) | pedicellariae |
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8 | |
Which of the following are characteristics of chordates? |
| | A) | a dorsal supporting rod |
| | B) | a dorsal hollow nerve cord |
| | C) | pharyngeal pouches |
| | D) | a tail extends beyond the anus |
| | E) | all of the above |
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9 | |
The notochord is just another name for the nerve or spinal cord. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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10 | |
The _______ retain all four chordate characteristics as adults. |
| | A) | tunicates (sea squirts) |
| | B) | lancelets |
| | C) | bony fish |
| | D) | bony fish embryos |
| | E) | vertebrates |
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11 | |
Which of the following are invertebrate chordates? |
| | A) | tunicates and lancelets |
| | B) | cartilage fish |
| | C) | bony fish |
| | D) | all chordates below mammals |
| | E) | There are no invertebrate chordates. |
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12 | |
The sea squirts are sessile and do not resemble vertebrates at all. Why are they considered close to the primitive ancestors of vertebrates? |
| | A) | they don't fit anywhere else |
| | B) | when they get very old, they develop vertebrate features |
| | C) | larval sea squirts do swim and have the four chordate characteristics and are likely candidates for vertebrate ancestors |
| | D) | they resemble lancelets and lancelets resemble vertebrates |
| | E) | their molecular biology is similar to vertebrates |
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13 | |
Vertebrates are distinguished in particular by which feature(s)? |
| | A) | no chordate characteristics |
| | B) | jointed internal skeleton |
| | C) | lack of cephalization |
| | D) | open circulatory system |
| | E) | all of the above are vertebrate features |
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14 | |
The advanced development of head and skull features in order to improve sensory ability is termed ___________. |
| | A) | encephalopathy |
| | B) | anterior symmetry |
| | C) | distal embryology |
| | D) | cephalization |
| | E) | allomorphic development |
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15 | |
Vertebrates are adapted to a slow and sedentary lifestyle. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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16 | |
Major milestones in vertebrate evolution do NOT include ________. |
| | A) | the evolution of limbs in amphibians allows movement on land |
| | B) | the evolution of a shelled egg in reptiles allows reproduction away from water |
| | C) | the evolution of upright stance in birds allows evolution of upright mammals |
| | D) | the evolution of jaws in fishes allows animals to be predators |
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17 | |
Which is NOT true of the jawless fishes, superclass Agnatha? |
| | A) | They were a common primitive fish but are all extinct today. |
| | B) | Water moved in through the mouth and out through the gill openings. |
| | C) | They have smooth, scaleless skin and no jaws or paired fins. |
| | D) | Lacking jaws, they are parasitic. |
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18 | |
______ fishes are the sharks, the rays and the skates. |
| | A) | Agnathous or jawless |
| | B) | Bony |
| | C) | Cartilaginous |
| | D) | Freshwater |
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19 | |
The type of fish eaten most often by humans are the ___________ fish. |
| | A) | cartilaginous |
| | B) | bony |
| | C) | jawless |
| | D) | freshwater |
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20 | |
Which of the following are characteristic of ray-finned fishes? |
| | A) | they have skin with scales |
| | B) | they have gills |
| | C) | they have a two-chambered heart |
| | D) | they have a swim bladder |
| | E) | all of the above |
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21 | |
Amphibians differ from fish because they usually have ______. |
| | A) | a three-chambered heart |
| | B) | a terrestrial adult stage |
| | C) | lungs in the adult stage |
| | D) | eyelids, ears and a voice-producing larynx |
| | E) | all of the above |
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22 | |
Living amphibians include ______. |
| | A) | frogs |
| | B) | newts |
| | C) | toads |
| | D) | salamanders |
| | E) | all of the above |
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23 | |
In reptiles, fertilization is ______. |
| | A) | internal |
| | B) | external |
| | C) | unnecessary |
| | D) | self-fertilization since most are hermaphrodites |
| | E) | aquatic due to their ancestry |
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24 | |
Reptiles differ from amphibians because reptiles have ________. |
| | A) | warm blood or are endothermic |
| | B) | a placenta and give live birth |
| | C) | hard, keratinized, dry skin |
| | D) | a three-chambered heart |
| | E) | all of the above |
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25 | |
Nearly every anatomical feature of a bird can be related to its ______. |
| | A) | dinosaur ancestry |
| | B) | lack of hair |
| | C) | ability to fly |
| | D) | high body temperature |
| | E) | nesting behavior |
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26 | |
Birds have a two-chambered heart. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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27 | |
Birds are ______ . |
| | A) | ectothermic |
| | B) | endothermic |
| | C) | variably thermoregulatory |
| | D) | non-thermic |
| | E) | hypothermic |
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28 | |
Birds have no bladder and therefore ______. |
| | A) | do not excrete wastes |
| | B) | urinate profusely while flying |
| | C) | excrete uric acid in a semi-dry state |
| | D) | excrete ammonia in a fluid |
| | E) | must recycle and use all metabolic breakdown products |
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29 | |
______ are egg-laying mammals. |
| | A) | Marsupials |
| | B) | Monotremes |
| | C) | Insectivores |
| | D) | Placental mammals |
| | E) | Bats |
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30 | |
Birds are classified according to beak and feather types. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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31 | |
Important feature(s) of mammals is/are _____________. |
| | A) | hair |
| | B) | mammary glands |
| | C) | a long period of development before they are born |
| | D) | insulated endothermy that allows them to survive in cold environments |
| | E) | all of the above |
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32 | |
Compared with marsupials, which of the following characteristics distinguish placental mammals? |
| | A) | mammary glands |
| | B) | waste and food exchange between embryo and mother |
| | C) | infant dependency |
| | D) | all of the above |
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33 | |
Which of the following are mammals? |
| | A) | the duck-billed platypus |
| | B) | the koala |
| | C) | the white-tailed deer |
| | D) | humans |
| | E) | all of the above |
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34 | |
Which features are NOT correctly associated? |
| | A) | Rodentia--incisors |
| | B) | Chiroptera--wings |
| | C) | Carnivora--canine teeth |
| | D) | Primates--paddlelike forelimbs |
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35 | |
Primates include the ______. |
| | A) | monkeys |
| | B) | gorillas |
| | C) | lemurs |
| | D) | human |
| | E) | all of the above |
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36 | |
In primates, the sense of ______ is more important than the sense of smell. |
| | A) | touch |
| | B) | hearing |
| | C) | sight |
| | D) | balance |
| | E) | taste |
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37 | |
The characteristic(s) that distinguish(es) primates from other mammals is/are __________. |
| | A) | opposable thumbs |
| | B) | nails rather than claws |
| | C) | single birth |
| | D) | larger, more complex brain |
| | E) | all of the above |
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38 | |
Only humans are classified as hominids. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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39 | |
Molecular data tells us that the split between humans and apes occurred about ______________ years ago. |
| | A) | 10 million |
| | B) | 1 million |
| | C) | 150,000 |
| | D) | 6 million |
| | E) | 4 billion |
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40 | |
The oldest australopithecine fossil is named _______________. |
| | A) | Australopithecus afarensis |
| | B) | Australopithecus ramidus kadabba |
| | C) | Australopithecus aethiopicus |
| | D) | Australopithecus anamensis |
| | E) | Australopithecus africanus |
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41 | |
Which of the following is NOT true regarding australopithecines? |
| | A) | There are several body forms of australopithecines. |
| | B) | Their anatomy indicates australopithecines walked upright. |
| | C) | It is known which australopithecine is the direct ancestor to humans. |
| | D) | Australopithecines had both human and ape-like characteristics. |
| | E) | Australopithecine evolution may have occurred in different parts of Africa. |
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42 | |
“Lucy” was a hominid called: |
| | A) | Australopithecus africanus |
| | B) | Australopithecus boisei |
| | C) | Ardipithecus ramidus |
| | D) | Homo erectus |
| | E) | Australopethicus afarensis |
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43 | |
The brain size for Australopithecus afarensis [or "Lucy"] indicates it still walked on all four limbs. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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44 | |
The fate of Homo erectus was ______. |
| | A) | extinction with another different lineage leading to humans |
| | B) | evolution leading directly to Homo habilis and then to modern humans |
| | C) | evolution leading eventually to modern humans |
| | D) | evolution to Neanderthals but eventual extinction with another different lineage leading to humans |
| | E) | totally unknown |
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45 | |
Compared to species of Australopithecus, Homo erectus fossils have been found ________. |
| | A) | only in Africa |
| | B) | only in Europe |
| | C) | only in Asia |
| | D) | in all of the above |
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46 | |
Fossils of the species Homo sapiens neanderthalensis are dated from about 200,000 years ago. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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47 | |
Which of the following is NOT true of Neanderthals? |
| | A) | Neanderthals had smaller brains than modern humans. |
| | B) | Neanderthals displayed evidence of culture. |
| | C) | Their thick bodies helped them survive the Ice Age in Europe. |
| | D) | They were able to use fire. |
| | E) | Neanderthals lived in Europe and Asia. |
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48 | |
Neanderthals, compared to Cro-Magnon peoples, were _________. |
| | A) | culturally primitive |
| | B) | smaller brained |
| | C) | more muscular |
| | D) | unable to survive cold Ice Age weather |
| | E) | none of the above |
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49 | |
Fossils of Homo sapiens are collectively referred to as Cro-Magnon after a fossil location in France. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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50 | |
Evidence of advanced tool making, art and other cultural attributes is particularly evident with ______. |
| | A) | Neanderthal culture |
| | B) | Cro-Magnon culture |
| | C) | Homo erectus culture |
| | D) | even the earliest Australopithecus fossil evidence |
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