1. Proponents of each perspective on the topic of shoplifting: - Medical–might view shoplifting as arising from organic, physiological conditions.
- Psychoanalytic–would view shoplifting as a conflict in the unconscious and the adequacy of ego development.
- Cognitive–would focus on the irrational conscious thoughts that preceded the shoplifting.
- Humanistic–would suggest that the individual take control and responsibility for the shoplifting.
- Sociocultural–shoplifting was the result of sociocultural forces such as income or a broken home.
3. Cultural factors that contribute to the rate of anxiety disorders: - lack of nuclear families close by, increases stress
- changing environment, fast-paced society causes stress
- in diverse cultures stress is created; members attempt to assimilate in another culture.
Perspectives on psychological disorders best explain cultural contributions to anxiety. The behavioral perspective emphasizes environmental factors. These therapists consider anxiety a learned response to stress. The cognitive perspective focuses on peoples' maladaptive thoughts about the world. 7. People who have personality disorders have maladaptive personality traits that do not permit them to function appropriately as members of society. No retard for the moral and ethical rules of society or the rights of others. They are manipulative and deceptive; lack of guilt or anxiety over wrong-doing; often impulsively distrustful and controlling; demanding; eccentric; obnoxious or difficult. | 
2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education