 |  Principles of Environmental Science William P. Cunningham,
University of Minnesota
Mary Ann Cunningham,
Vassar College
Environmental Conservation: Forests, Grasslands, Parks, and Nature Preserves
Further Readings
| Amber, Dave. (2001). "Converging on Marine Reserves". : The Scientist 15. (8).
Research and policy point to protected ocean parks to protect threatened marine resources | | | |
| Anderson, Anthony B.. (1990). Alternatives to Deforestation: Steps Toward Sustainable Use of the Amazon Rain Forest. New York: Columbia University Press.
Studies presenting options available to managers and local people hoping to deter deforestation in Amazonia | | | |
| Ariyoshi, Rita. (1997). "Halting a Coral Catastrophe". : Nature Conservancy. (47(1):20-25).
Cyanide fishing is decimating the IndoPacific's species-rich reefs but steps are being taking to turn the tide | | | |
| Bass, Rick. (1997). "Hold Nothing Back". : Sierra. (82(5):32-33).
A call for activism to save wild places | | | |
| Behan, Richard W.. (2001). Plundered Promise: Capitalism, Politics, and the Fate of the Federal Lands. Covelo, CA: Island Press.
A leading resource management scholar presents a history and analysis of public lands management in the United States. | | | |
| Benavides, M and Pariona, Mario. (1995). "The Yanesha Forestry Cooperative and Community-Based Management in the Central Peruvian Forest". Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin.
In Case Studies of Community-Based Forestry Enterprises in the Americas, papers presented at the Symposium "Forestry in the Americas: Community-Based Management and Sustainability" | | | |
| Berger, John J.. (1997). "Nine Ways to Save Our Forests". : Sierra. (82(4):38-39).
How to ensure that forests are managed for people, not profit | | | |
| Bourne, J.. (2000). "On the Trail of the 'Sang Poachers". : Audubon. (102(2): 84-91).
Medicinal plants such as ginseng and goldseal are disappearing from our forests at an alarming rate | | | |
| Brandon, K.. (1998). Parks in Peril: People, Politics and Protected Areas. Covelo, CA: Island Press.
A report from the Nature Conservancy on its experiences in protecting natural areas in Latin America and the Caribbean | | | |
| Bray, D., Carreon, M., Merino, L., and Santos, V.. (1993). "On the Road to Sustainable Forestry.". : Cultural Survival Quarterly 17. ((1): 38-41).
A survey of community land management and sustainable forestry | | | |
| Campbell, Constance E.. (1997). "On the Front Lines but Struggling for Voice: Women in the Rubber Tapper's Defence of the Amazon Forest". : The Ecologist. (27(2):46-54).
The author, in collaboration with The Women's Group of Xapuri, Acre, Brazil, addresses women's work in the forests and their more active economic and political participation in the movement | | | |
| Clarke, Chris. (1999). "Logging on Top of the World". : Earth Island Journal. (14(3): 32-33).
A stinging criticism of Chinese forestry policies in Tibet. Part of a special section on the conservation crisis in Asia | | | |
| Clark, F.S., R.B. Slusher. (2000). "Using spatial analysis to drive reserve design: A case study of a national wildlife refuge in Indiana and Illinois (USA)". : Landscape Ecology. (Discusses reserve design principles for oak savanna restoration).
15:75-84 | | | |
| Davis, M.A., et al. (2000). "Restoring savanna using fire: impact on the breeding bird community". : Restoration Ecology. (8: 30-40).
Investigates fire impact on nesting bird populations | | | |
| de Fontaubert, A.C., et al. (1996). Biodiversity in the Seas: Implementing the Convention on Biological Diversity in Marine and Coastal Habitats. Covelo, CA: Island Press.
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| Durbin, Kathie. (1997). "Sawdust Memories". : The Amicus Journal. (19(3):20-26).
After four decades, a pulp mill closes in Alaska's Tongass National Forest. What is next for the land and the people? | | | |
| Earth Island. (1997). "The Chainsaw Billionaires". : Earth Island Journal. (12(1):28).
The logger barons control 95 percent of the timber trade and 111 million acres. See other related articles in this same issue | | | |
| Easthouse, K.. (2000). "Wildlife Sleuths". : Forest. (January/February 2000: 14-17).
Scientists track down wildlife poachers | | | |
| Faber, Scott. (1996). On Borrowed Land: Public Policies for Floodplains. Covelo, CA: Island Press.
Ecological, economic, and legal issues of land use in floodplains, with case studies and suggestions for making floodplains safe for development through locally based planning and flood hazard management | | | |
| Farnsworth, E.J. and A.M. Ellison. (1997). "The Global Conservation Status of Mangroves". : Ambio. (26(6):).
Coastal mangrove forests are disappearing rapidly worldwide despite their high biological value. This report compares rates and causes of deforestation, reforestation techniques, and costs and benefits to local communities | | | |
| France, Lesley. (1997). The Earthscan Reader in Sustainable Tourism. London or Covelo, CA: Earthscan or Island Press.
What is sustainable tourism and how can it be applied? | | | |
| Geatz, R.. (1999). "The Great Rivers of Yunnan". : Nature Conservancy. (49(3):10-17).
In a remote, mountainous region of western Yunnan, four of the great rivers of Southeast Asia run in parallel through a magnificent but relatively unknown parkland | | | |
| Gibson, C. C., et al. (2000). People and Forests: Communities, Institutions, and Governance. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
What are the causes and effects of global deforestation? | | | |
| Green, M. H.. (2000). "Continental Divides". : Nature Conservancy. (50(1):18-25).
A case for wildlife corridors in the northern Rockies | | | |
| Greenlee, J. M.. (1996). "The ecological implications of fire in Greater Yellowstone". : International Association of Wildland Fire. (47 - 54).
Proceedings of the Second Biennial Conference on the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem | | | |
| Greenpeace. (1997). "Cutting the Heart out of the Ancient Redwoods". 2(1):4-5: Greenpeace Quarterly.
A protest against cutting California's Headwaters Forest | | | |
| Halpern, S.. (1998). "A Fragile Kingdom". : Audubon. (100(2): 36-45).
Great photographs of the monarch butterfly sanctuaries in Mexico | | | |
| Harris, David. (1996). The Last Stand: The War between Wall Street and Main Street over California's Ancient Redwoods. San Francisco, CA: Sierra Club.
The ongoing battle between environmentalists and business over irreplaceable natural resources in California | | | |
| Harwell, E.. (1999). "Indonesian Inferno". : Natural History. (108(6): 34-39).
A good description of forest fires, many deliberately set, that darkened southeast Asian skies | | | |
| Heiken, D.. (1999). "Broken Promises". : Earth Island Journal Summer. (1999: 33-35).
Conservationists the Northwest Forest Plan | | | |
| Heinselman, M. L.. (1996). The Boundary Waters Wilderness ecosystem. : University of Minnesota Press. (pp. 45 - 96).
A masterful compilation of information about a forest ecosystem | | | |
| Hinrichsen, Don. (1997). Coastal Waters of the World: Trends, Threats, and Strategies. Covelo, CA: Island Press.
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| Honey, M.. (1999). Ecotourism and Sustainable Development: Who Owns Paradise?. Covelo, CA: Island Press.
A survey of both good and bad examples of ecotourism from around the world | | | |
| Huang, W.. (1997). "Agroforestry in China: Present State and Future Potential". : Ambio. (26(6)).
Major agroforestry systems are estimated to cover 45 million ha. in China, and agroforestry is reported to have a positive effect on soil conservation and biodiversity | | | |
| Humphreys, David. (1996). Forest Politics: The Evolution of International Cooperation. Covelo, CA: Island Press.
Traces the emergence of deforestation as an issue on the international political agenda and assesses the prospects for future agreements | | | |
| Jenkins, M. B. and E. T. Smith. (1999). The Business of Sustainable Forestry. Covelo, CA: Island Press.
An analysis of the need for and benefits of sustainable forestry practices | | | |
| Kohm, Kathryn A. and Jerry F. Franklin. (1997). Creating a Forestry for the 21st Century: The Science of Ecosystem Management. Covelo, CA: Island Press.
A comprehensive work focused on real-world applications of ecosystem management, new forestry, and sustainability | | | |
| Kerasote, T.. (2001). "The Future of Our Forests/Good Wood". : Audubon. (103(1): 44-57).
Profiles of five of our most important forest species followed by an excellent review of sustainable forestry practices and sustainable wood marketing programs | | | |
| Kuchli, Christian. (1997). Forests of Hope: Stories of Regeneration.. London or Covelo, CA: Earthscan or Island Press.
Stories from around the world about successful sylvan conservation, showing how the lives of people and communities have been integrated with the preservation, use, and enjoyment of forests | | | |
| Lane, Charles. (1998). Custodians of the Commons: Pastoral Land Tenure in East and West Africa. Covelo, CA: Island Press.
Discusses why pastoralists suffer from their loss of lands, how they organize themselves in relation to land, what distinguishes them from other land users, and the relationship between land tenure and the changes taking place on Africa's rangelands | | | |
| Laurance, William F. and Richard O Bierregaard.. (1997). Tropical Forest Remnants. Covelo, CA: Island Press.
How to understand, manage, and conserve the remaining fragments of tropical forests around the world. Summarizes what is know about the ecology, management, restoration, socioeconomics, and conservation of fragmented forests | | | |
| Manning, Richard. (2001). "Friendly fire". : Sierra. (86(1): 30-39).
Discusses the need for fire to regenerate forests | | | |
| Markels, A.. (1999). "A View with a Room". : Audubon. (101(5):108-114).
A guide to up-scale ecotourist lodges around the world | | | |
| McInnis, Doug. (1997). "The Burning Season". : Earth. (6(4):36-41).
After stamping out forest fires for decades, the government wants the American West to go to blazes | | | |
| McManus, Reed. (1997). "Pockets of Paradise". : Sierra. (82(5):48-53).
An enthusiast's description of the National Wilderness System | | | |
| McManus, Reed. (1998). "What Money Can Buy". : Sierra. (83(1):34-40).
How is the U.S. Congress spending the $900 million annual fund for purchasing new parks and preserves? | | | |
| Morgenstern, H. L.. (1999). "Clouds Over the Coral". vol X(2):36-41: E Magazine.
Florida's coral reefs are showing signs of stress and disease from warming water, pollution, silt, and human damage | | | |
| Motavalli, Jim. (1997). "The Forest Primeval". : E Magazine. (8(5):36-41).
A battle between western loggers and environmentalists | | | |
| Mulamoottil, George, et al. (1996). Wetlands: Environmental Gradients, Boundaries, and Buffers. Covelo, CA: Island Press.
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| Mulvaney, Kieran. (1997). "The Last Wild Place". : E Magazine. (8(6):36-41).
Once believed to be protected forever, Antarctica's delicate and precarious beauty is under threat again, and international treaties may not be enough to save it.. | | | |
| Neale, G. (1999). The Green Travel Guide :(2nd edition). Covelo, CA: Island Press.
A revised guide to traveling "lightly" | | | |
| Neale, Greg. (1998). The Green Travel Guide. Covelo, CA: Island Press.
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| Noss, R.. (1999). The Redwood Forest. Covelo, CA: Island Press.
An excellent overview of the history, ecology, and conservation of this important biome | | | |
| Peacock, Doug. (1997). "The Yellowstone Massacre". : Âudubon. (99(3):40-49).
More than one-third of Yellowstone's American bison herd was destroyed by Montana hunters in 1997 because of fears that the animals might spread brucellosis | | | |
| Pombo, Richard and Joseph Farah. (1996). This Land is Our Land: How to End the War on Private Property. Upland, CA: Counterpoint Publications.
Leaders of the wise-use movement decry what they perceive to be attacks on private property rights | | | |
| Primack, Richard B., et al. (1997). Timber, Tourists, and Temples: Conservation and Development in the Maya Forest of Belize and Guatemala. Covelo, CA: Island Press.
Leading biologists, social scientists, and conservations working in the Selva Maya present information on the intricate social and political issues and the complex scientific and management problems to be resolved there. | | | |
| Raiand, S.C. and R.C. Sundriyal. (1997). "Tourism and Biodiversity Conservation: The Sikkim Himalaya". : Ambio. (26(4)80).
This paper analyzes the dynamics of tourism growth and biodiversity and its impact on resources, environment, local communities, and the state economy in the Sikkim Himalaya | | | |
| Rasmussen, M.. (2000). "The Long Reach of Humanity". : Forest Magazine. (March/April 2000: 14-19).
Some forest ecologists believe half the fires that burned in North America before European settlement were set by Indians | | | |
| Rasmussen, Matt. (1997). "A View from the Inside: The Forest Service Headquarters". : Inner Voice. (July/August 1997: 14-19).
A forest service employee criticizes land-use policies | | | |
| Rembert, T. C.. (1999). "High Noon at Grizzly Gulch". : E Magazine. ((1):36-41).
Environmentalists have proposed that a huge swath of the northern Rockies from Yellowstone to the Yukon (Y2Y) be preserved as a wildlife corridor. Can they prevail? | | | |
| Rice, Richard E., et al. (1997). "Can Sustainable Management Save Tropical Forests?". : Scientific American. (276(4):44-51).
Experts have embraced the idea of sustainability to save valuable rain forests. Conservationists explain why this seemingly logical strategy often fails. | | | |
| Richards, E.M.. (1991). "The Forest Ejidos of South-East Mexico: A Case Study of Community Based Sustained Yield Management". : Commonwealth Forestry Review. (70(4): 290-311).
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| Rome, A.. (1999). "Going Green". : E Magazine. ((2): 48-49).
Amazonian ecotourism lodges are saving a Brazilian River Basin | | | |
| Samson, Fred B. and Fritz L. Knopf. (1996). Prairie Conservation: Preserving North America's Most Endangered Ecosystem. Covelo, CA: Island Press.
A comprehensive examination of the history, ecology, and status of North American grasslands | | | |
| Sauer, Leslie Jones. (1997). The Once and Future Forest: A Guide to Forest Restoration Strategies. Covelo, CA: Island Press.
A guidebook for restoring and managing natural landscapes, focusing on remnant forest systems | | | |
| Savory, A. and J. Butterfield. (1999). Holistic Management. Covelo, CA: Island Press.
An intensive grazing approach to grassland management | | | |
| Sawhill, John. (1997). "Pushing the Boundaries". : Nature Conservancy. (47(1):5-11).
The president of The Nature Conservancy observes how international strategies are yielding positive results | | | |
| Schoonmaker, Peter K., et al. (1997). The Rain Forests of Home: Profile of a North American Bioregion. Covelo, CA: Island Press.
A diverse array of thinkers present a portrait of the coastal temperate rain forest and its people | | | |
| Shanley, P.. (1999). "Market to Market". : Natural History. (108(8):44-51).
Sustainable harvest of non-timber forest products in Brazil could protect the forest while providing livelihoods for local people | | | |
| Shelby, B. and T.A. Heberlein. (1986). Social carrying capacity in recreation settings. Corvallis: Oregon State University Press.
How do we measure satisfaction with recreational opportunities? Is there a difference between biological carrying capacity and social demands? | | | |
| Sherman, Joan. (1997). "Some Consequences of Cheap Trees and Cheap Talk: Pulp Mills and Logging in Northern Alberta". : The Ecologist. (27(2):64-68).
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| Sierra, R.. (1999). "Traditional resource use systems and tropical deforestation in a multi-ethnic region in North-west Ecuador". : Environmental Conservation. (26 (2): 136-145).
A comparison of contributions from indigenous and non-indigenous people to deforestation in Ecuador | | | |
| Soule, M. E. and J. Terborgh. (1999). Continental Conservation. Covelo, CA: Island Press.
A report on the Wildlands Project, an attempt to identify an effective network of nature reserves and corridors throughout North America | | | |
| Southern Utah Wilderness Alliance. (1997). "National Monument Handed Over to Big Oil". : Giving the Land a Voice. (14(3)).
Debates over management of the GrandStaircase/Escalante National Monument | | | |
| Southgate, Douglas. (1998). Tropical Forest Conservation: An Economic Assessment of the Alternatives in Latin America. New York: Oxford University Press.
Discusses the benefits of alternatives to intensive logging of tropical forests | | | |
| Stolton, S. Na N. Dudley. (1999). Partnerships for Protection. Covelo, CA: Island Press.
New strategies for planning and management of protected areas | | | |
| Solzenburg, William. (2000). "Good Cow, Bad Cow". : Nature Conservancy. (July/August 2000 12-19).
Reviews the debate over the effects of grazing on range condition and biodiversity conservation | | | |
| Strand, Margaret N.. (1997). Wetland Deskbook, 2nd Edition. Covelo, CA: Island Press.
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| Takacs, David. (1996). The Idea of Biodiversity: Philosophies of Paradise. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins.
Prominent conservation biologists discuss what biodiversity means | | | |
| Tiedemann, A.R., J.O. Klemmedson, and E.L. Bull. (2000). "Solution of forest health problems with prescribed fire: are forest productivity and wildlife at risk?". : Forest Ecology and Management. (127:1-18).
An interesting discussion of the effects of prescribed fires on forest communities | | | |
| Terborgh, J.. (1999). Requiem for Nature. Covelo, CA: Island Press.
An examination of the conservation needs and problems of national parks and protected areas, using Manu National Park in Peru as a case study | | | |
| Tole, L.. (1998). "Sources of Deforestation in Tropical Developing Countries". : Environmental Management. (22(1):19-33).
Key causes of tropical deforestion are analyzed in 90 developing countries | | | |
| Turner, M. G., W. W. Hargrove, R. H. Gardner, W. H. Romme. (1994). "Effects of fire on landscape heterogeneity in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming". : Journal of Vegetation Science. (5: 731 - 742).
Describes forest recovery after large-scale fire | | | |
| Viana, Virgilio, et al. (1996). Certification of Forest Products: Issues and Perspectives. Covelo, CA: Island Press.
An overview of the mechanics, background, and implications of voluntary certification programs in forest management | | | |
| Vileisis, Ann. (1997). Discovering the Unknown Landscape: A History of America's Wetlands. Covelo, CA: Island Press.
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| Wagner, Frederic H., et al. (1995). Wildlife Policies in the U.S. National Parks. Covelo, CA: Island Press.
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| Wallace, David Rains. The Quetzel and The Macaw: The Story of Costa Rica's National Parks. San Francisco, CA: Sierra Club.
Comprehensive history of Costa Rica's National Park Service, the people who have worked to preserve wilderness, and the role parks can play in addressing global environmental concerns. | | | |
| Watkins, T. H.. (2000). "High Noon in Cattle Country". : Sierra. (85(2): 52-59).
Arguments for removing cattle from public lands in the west | | | |
| Watkins, T.H.. (1997). "National Parks, National Paradox". : Audubon. (99(4):40-45).
What should a park be? | | | |
| Williams, T.. (1999). "Legalize It!". : Audubon. (101(6): 36-48).
Industrial hemp can be used to make clothes, paper, rope, shampoo, and beer while sparing forests. Why not make use of this fast-growing crop? | | | |
| Williams, W.. (1999). "Turtle Tragedy". : Scientific American. (280(6):32-33).
Demand in Asia may be wiping out turtle populations worldwide | | | |
| Wright, R. Gerald. (1996). National Parks and Protected Areas: Their Role in Environmental Protection. Covelo, CA: Island Press.
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| Wuerthner, G.. (2000). "A Window of Opportunity". : Forest. (January/February 2000: 18-28).
Forest Service Employees for Environmental Ethics argue that the U.S. should protect at least 20 million ha (50 million acres.) from roads, logging, mining and oil and gas drilling | | | |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education