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1 | |
Which of the following is not a reason for the shift from global learning theories to more specific, focused theories of learning? |
| | A) | the recognition of at least two distinct learning processes |
| | B) | an appreciation for the biological influences on the learning process |
| | C) | a greater acceptance of a cognitive view of learning |
| | D) | the understanding that cognitive factors, not associative factors, influence learning |
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2 | |
For Pavlov, the UCR and CR were necessarily the same due to his viewpoint of |
| | A) | stimulus substitution. |
| | B) | spreading activation. |
| | C) | equipotentiality. |
| | D) | localization of function. |
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3 | |
The CR is the opposite of the UCR in which of the following cases? |
| | A) | insulin and hyperglycemia |
| | B) | alcohol and hyperthermia |
| | C) | morphine and hypoalgesia |
| | D) | all of the above |
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4 | |
According to Wagner's SOP model, conditioning occurs to which component of the UCR? |
| | A) | A1 |
| | B) | A2 |
| | C) | A1 and A2 |
| | D) | none of the above |
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5 | |
The A in Wagner and Brandon's AESOP model represents: |
| | A) | antimony |
| | B) | antithesis |
| | C) | affective |
| | D) | allegorical |
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6 | |
SOP predicts effective backward conditioning when |
| | A) | the CS follows the A1 response. |
| | B) | the CS precedes the A1 response. |
| | C) | the CS follows the A2 response. |
| | D) | the CS precedes the A2 response. |
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7 | |
The Rescorla-Wagner model can explain each of the following phenomena except |
| | A) | overshadowing. |
| | B) | CS preexposure. |
| | C) | blocking. |
| | D) | the role of predictiveness. |
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8 | |
Pavlov found that when two novel CSs are presented at the same time, a stronger association is usually formed between one of the CSs and the UCS. This phenomenon is called |
| | A) | sensory preconditioning. |
| | B) | overshadowing. |
| | C) | blocking. |
| | D) | cue potentiation. |
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9 | |
The finding that backward blocking is effective supports which position regarding Pavlovian conditioning? |
| | A) | comparator |
| | B) | Rescorla-Wagner |
| | C) | SOP |
| | D) | retrospective processing |
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10 | |
Premack argued that a reinforcer is any activity whose probability of occurring is greater than that of the reinforced behavior, a position known as |
| | A) | probability differential theory. |
| | B) | retroactive processing theory. |
| | C) | affective reassessment model. |
| | D) | response deprivation theory. |
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11 | |
Allison (1989) referred to the free operant level of two activities as the paired basepoint or |
| | A) | convergent point. |
| | B) | blisspoint. |
| | C) | balance point. |
| | D) | fulcrum point. |
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12 | |
According to ______________, animals are active information seekers, attending to those stimuli that contain important information and deeming others irrelevant. |
| | A) | Wagner |
| | B) | Mackintosh |
| | C) | Premack |
| | D) | Timberlake |
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13 | |
Learned irrelevance has been proposed as an explanation for |
| | A) | the CS preexposure effect. |
| | B) | the UCS preexposure effect. |
| | C) | blocking. |
| | D) | reinforcer deflation. |
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14 | |
In compound conditioning, extinction of responding to one cue results in an increase in responding to the other. This effect is called |
| | A) | potentiation. |
| | B) | cue deflation. |
| | C) | response inhibition. |
| | D) | backward blocking. |
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15 | |
A rat's long-lasting reaction to a painful event is hypoactivity, or freezing. This is an example of |
| | A) | tolerance. |
| | B) | withdrawal. |
| | C) | a conditioned emotional response (CER). |
| | D) | standard operating procedure (SOP). |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education