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Learning Objectives
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Thinking
  1. Define cognition and the processes of thinking, mental imagery, and conceptualizing. (pp. 212-214)
  2. Discuss how algorithms and heuristics influence our judgments and decision making. (pp. 214-215)
  3. Explain the importance of understanding and diagnosing problems as the first step in effective problem solving. (pp. 215-217)
  4. Describe the heuristics used for generating possible solutions to problems, and explain how solutions should be evaluated. (pp. 217-219)
  5. Illustrate how efforts to develop solutions can be blocked by functional fixedness, mental set, and confirmation bias. (pp. 219-221)
  6. Describe the factors that contribute to creativity, and the role of creativity in problem solving and critical thinking. (pp. 221-222)

Language
  1. Define the basic components of language and grammar. (pp. 224-225)
  2. Discuss the developmental processes of language and the theories of language acquisition. (pp. 225-226)
  3. Identify the issues that arise with the linguistic relativity hypothesis, animal language, and bilingual education. (pp. 226-227)

Intelligence
  1. Define intelligence and the issues related to its definition. (pp. 228-229)
  2. Discuss how intelligence is measured, the definition of intelligence quotient, and how achievement and aptitude tests differ from intelligence tests. (pp. 229-232)
  3. Distinguish between reliability and validity with regard to psychological and intelligence testing. (pp. 232-234)
  4. Describe the alternative views of intelligence, including the g-factor, fluid and crystallized intelligence, and Gardner's model of multiple intelligences. (pp. 234-235)
  5. Explain how cognitive psychologists use information processing to describe intelligence. (pp. 235, 237)
  6. Describe the concepts of practical intelligence and emotional intelligence. (p. 237)
  7. Define mental retardation and describe its various classifications. (pp. 237-239)
  8. Discuss the causes of mental retardation and the care and treatment of retarded individuals. (p. 239)
  9. Define and describe intellectual giftedness. (pp. 239-240)
  10. Discuss the problem of cultural bias in intelligence tests and the attempts to produce a culture-fair IQ test. (pp. 240-243)





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