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Review and Comprehension Quiz
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1
Extracellular fluid
A)is much like intracellular fluid in composition.
B)includes interstitial fluid.
C)osmotic concentration tends to vary greatly in the different fluid compartments of the body.
D)all of the above.
2
The sensation of thirst increases when
A)the levels of angiotensin II increase.
B)the osmolality of the blood decreases.
C)blood pressure increases.
D)renin secretion decreases.
3
Insensible perspiration
A)is lost through sweat glands.
B)results in heat loss from the body.
C)increases when ADH secretion increases.
D)results in the loss of solutes such as Na+ and Cl-.
4
The composition and volume of body fluid are regulated primarily by the
A)skin.
B)lungs.
C)kidneys.
D)heart.
E)spleen.
5
Which of these conditions decreases extracellular fluid volume?
A)constriction of afferent arterioles
B)increased ADH secretion
C)decreased ANH secretion
D)decreased aldosterone secretion
E)stimulation of sympathetic nerves to the kidneys
6
A decrease in blood pressure
A)results in increased aldosterone secretion.
B)causes decreased ADH secretion.
C)inhibits sympathetic stimulation.
D)results in vasodilation.
E)all of the above.
7
Which of these results in an increased blood Na+ concentration?
A)decrease in ADH secretion
B)decrease in aldosterone secretion
C)increase in ANH
D)decrease in renin secretion
8
Which of these mechanisms is the most important for regulating blood osmolality?
A)ADH
B)renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
C)ANH
D)parathyroid hormone
9
A decrease in extracellular K+
A)produces depolarization of the plasma membrane.
B)results when aldosterone levels increase.
C)occurs when tissues are damaged (e.g., in burn patients).
D)increases ANH secretion.
E)increases PTH secretion.
10
Ca2+ concentration in the blood decreases when
A)vitamin D levels are lower than normal.
B)calcitonin secretion decreases.
C)parathyroid hormone secretion increases.
D)all of the above.
11
An acid
A)solution has a pH greater than 7.
B)is a substance that releases H+ into a solution.
C)is considered weak if it completely dissociates in water.
D)all of the above.
12
Buffers
A)release H+ when pH increases.
B)resist changes in the pH of a solution.
C)include the proteins of the blood.
D)all of the above.
13
Which of these is not a buffer system in the body?
A)sodium chloride buffer system
B)carbonic acid/bicarbonate buffer system
C)phosphate buffer system
D)protein buffer system
14
Which of these systems regulating blood pH is the fastest acting?
A)respiratory
B)kidney
15
An increase in blood carbon dioxide levels is followed by a(n) ____________ in H+ and a(n) ____________ in blood pH.
A)increase, increase
B)increase, decrease
C)decrease, increase
D)decrease, decrease
16
High levels of bicarbonate ions in the urine indicate
A)a low level of H+ secretion into the urine.
B)that the kidneys are causing blood pH to increase.
C)that urine pH is decreasing.
D)all of the above.
17
High levels of ammonium ions in the urine indicate
A)a high level of H secretion into the urine.
B)that the kidneys are causing blood pH to decrease.
C)that urine pH is too alkaline.
D)all of the above.
18
Blood plasma pH is normally
A)slightly acidic.
B)strongly acidic.
C)slightly alkaline.
D)strongly alkaline.
E)neutral.
19
Acidosis
A)increases neuron excitability.
B)can produce tetany by affecting the peripheral nervous system.
C)may lead to coma.
D)may produce convulsions through the central nervous system.
20
Respiratory alkalosis is caused by ____________ and can be compensated for by the production of a more ____________ urine.
A)hypoventilation, alkaline
B)hypoventilation, acidic
C)hyperventilation, acidic
D)hyperventilation, alkaline





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