Review the image(s) and answer the following questions.

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1		How much of the sunlight energy that reaches the earth is incorporated into plant biomass through the process of photosynthesis?
			A)	less than 1%
			B)	about 5%
			C)	10-15%
			D)	over 40%
2		Approximately how much energy is lost as heat when moving from one trophic level to the next?
			A)	10%
			B)	25%
			C)	50%
			D)	90%

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3		What is another name for the herbivore at trophic level 2?
			A)	producer
			B)	primary consumer
			C)	secondary consumer
			D)	tertiary consumer
4		The top carnivore would also be considered as which of these?
			A)	producer
			B)	primary consumer
			C)	secondary consumer
			D)	tertiary consumer

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5		What does this diagram indicate about the energy relationships within the food web of Cayuga Lake?
			A)	There are many more algae and cyanobacteria than there are smelt and trout.
			B)	There is a loss of energy at each succeeding trophic level.
			C)	It is energetically less expensive for humans to consume smelt than trout.
			D)	All of these are correct.
6		Do stream food webs follow the same relationship shown here?
			A)	Stream food webs are often dependent on inputs of organic matter from the watershed, such as materials from trees.
			B)	Stream food webs have fewer links than that shown for Cayuga Lake.
			C)	Stream food webs do not contain algae and cyanobacteria, so they are not the same as that for Cayuga Lake.
			D)	Stream food webs are virtually identical to the one shown here, although the types of organisms may vary.

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7		Why do rain shadows exist on the lee side of mountain ranges?
			A)	As air descends on the lee side of a mountain range, its moisture-holding capacity increases and it picks up moisture rather than releasing it.
			B)	It is too far from an ocean to hold moisture long enough to drop it in the area of a rain shadow.
			C)	Soils are too thin in these regions to hold moisture, so none is available for evaporation.
			D)	These areas are generally very cold, and all water is frozen, and thus not available for evaporation.
8		In the western United States, most rain shadows occur on what side of the mountain ranges?
			A)	west
			B)	south
			C)	north
			D)	east

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9		Why does high altitude appear to limit the distribution of certain types of plants?
			A)	thin atmosphere at high altitudes
			B)	freezing year-round temperatures at high altitudes
			C)	too much rock, not enough soil
			D)	no animals available for pollination of flowers
10		Is it feasible to find tundra at the top of tall mountain peaks in a subtropical region?
			A)	It is unlikely, because only subtropical biomes occur in subtropic regions.
			B)	Yes, the distribution of biomes is mostly random, and tundra could occur as indicated.
			C)	Yes, biomes that occur far north and south of the equator also occur at high elevations.
			D)	No, there are no mountains in the world's subtropical regions.

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11		What one trait is common in organisms in the ocean deep that is rare elsewhere in the biosphere?
			A)	bioluminescence
			B)	heterotrophy
			C)	chemoautotrophy
			D)	commensalism
12		Of the ocean zones depicted, which is the most productive?
			A)	benthic zone
			B)	littoral zone
			C)	neritic zone
			D)	All are equally productive.