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1 | |
Which of the following best describes ecology? Ecology is the branch of biology that studies |
| | A) | The relationships between the biotic and abiotic environmental factors. |
| | B) | The environment as a unique entity. |
| | C) | The relationships between organisms and their environments. |
| | D) | Biotic, but not specifically abiotic, environmental factors. |
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2 | |
Which of the following statement(s) is/are true? |
| | A) | Plants react to extremes in temperature as well as to average daily temperature. |
| | B) | Different parts of a plant may respond differently to temperatures and temperature fluctuations. |
| | C) | Temperature cycles play an important role in determining plant an animal populations in an area. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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3 | |
From smallest unit to largest unit, which is the correct order? |
| | A) | Species, populations, communities, ecosystems |
| | B) | Species, communities, populations, ecosystems |
| | C) | Ecosystems, species, populations, communities |
| | D) | Ecosystems, communities, populations, species. |
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4 | |
The first trophic level is occupied by |
| | A) | Organisms that produce organic material from inorganic material. |
| | B) | Herbivores (or primary consumers). |
| | C) | Primary carnivores. |
| | D) | Omnivores. |
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5 | |
In discussing the energy pyramid, it is important to remember that there is about a __________ loss of energy as we proceed from one trophic level to the next higher level. |
| | A) | 10% |
| | B) | 40% |
| | C) | 60% |
| | D) | 90% |
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6 | |
One of the easiest ways to measure the amount of energy at different trophic levels is to use the __________ but because of size-difference problems, it is sometimes more convenient to use the __________. |
| | A) | Pyramid of biomass / pyramid of numbers |
| | B) | Pyramid of numbers / pyramid of biomass |
| | C) | Pyramid of biomass / pyramid of energy |
| | D) | Pyramid of numbers / pyramid of energy |
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7 | |
The term "food web" |
| | A) | Is an interwoven food chain. |
| | B) | Is a synonym for the pyramids. |
| | C) | Can be used in place of the trophic levels. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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8 | |
The number of organisms living in an area varies throughout the year. The primary factor in determining the size of animal populations is |
| | A) | Water. |
| | B) | Temperature. |
| | C) | Food. |
| | D) | Availability of soil nutrients. |
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9 | |
Large regional communities determined primarily by climate are known as |
| | A) | Ecosystems. |
| | B) | Seres. |
| | C) | Biomes. |
| | D) | None of the above. |
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10 | |
The temperate deciduous forest is known for its |
| | A) | Large evergreens. |
| | B) | Large trees that lose their leaves each year. |
| | C) | Vast shrub areas. |
| | D) | Large grazing mammals. |
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11 | |
The area similar to a prairie is a |
| | A) | Savanna. |
| | B) | Taiga. |
| | C) | Boreal forest. |
| | D) | None of the above. |
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12 | |
Characteristics of the tundra include |
| | A) | Long severe winters. |
| | B) | Permafrost. |
| | C) | Shrubs and lichens. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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13 | |
Which statement(s) about succession is/are true? |
| | A) | A relatively stable, long-lasting community is called a climax community. |
| | B) | For successional stages to occur, the soil must become thicker and richer. |
| | C) | Secondary succession occurs when a climax community is changed to an earlier stage. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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14 | |
Which statement(s) human uses of ecosystems is/are true? |
| | A) | Most human use of ecosystems involves replacing the natural climax community with an artificial early successional stage. |
| | B) | Forests are simplified by the planting of single species of tree in a given area. |
| | C) | Ponds and small lakes are often filled in because of weed problems. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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15 | |
The rate at which an ecosystem can accumulate new organic matter is known as its |
| | A) | Energy transfer rate. |
| | B) | Organic growth factor rate. |
| | C) | Productivity. |
| | D) | Energy adaptability quotient. |
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16 | |
As energy is passed from one level to the next in a food chain about, ______% is lost at each transfer. |
| | A) | 10 |
| | B) | 50 |
| | C) | 75 |
| | D) | 90 |
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17 | |
The primary factor that determines whether a geographic area will support temperate deciduous forest or prairie is |
| | A) | the amount of rainfall. |
| | B) | the severity of the winters. |
| | C) | the depth of the soil. |
| | D) | the kinds of animals present. |
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18 | |
Which one of the following populations of organisms in an ecosystem would have the largest total biomass? |
| | A) | herbivores |
| | B) | producers |
| | C) | carnivores |
| | D) | decomposers |
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19 | |
The concept of a community differs from that of an ecosystem in that |
| | A) | a community includes plants and animals but not decomposers while an ecosystem includes all of these. |
| | B) | a community does not include abiotic factors and an ecosystem does. |
| | C) | a community is larger than an ecosystem. |
| | D) | a community cannot be organized in a pyramid and an ecosystem can. |
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20 | |
Which one of the following organisms is most likely to be at the second trophic level? |
| | A) | a maple tree |
| | B) | a snake |
| | C) | a fungus |
| | D) | an elephant |
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21 | |
Which one of the following is typical for organisms in a food chain? |
| | A) | most organisms will only use one species of organism as a source of food |
| | B) | most organisms occupy 3/4 different trophic levels depending on what they happen to be eating at the time |
| | C) | most organisms will be involved in several different food chains |
| | D) | most organisms will always feed at the producer level |
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22 | |
In secondary succession in forested areas annual weeds are replaced by grasses which are replaced by trees because |
| | A) | larger plants shade smaller plants. |
| | B) | more soil is produced. |
| | C) | water becomes more abundant. |
| | D) | animals eat the smaller plants. |
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23 | |
Where would you find primary succession occurring? |
| | A) | a clear-cut forest |
| | B) | abandoned agricultural field |
| | C) | prairie burned by fire |
| | D) | rock exposed by glaciers |
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24 | |
Tree → insect → spider → frog → fish → human In the food chain above, the spider is |
| | A) | a tertiary consumer. |
| | B) | a herbivore. |
| | C) | at the third trophic level. |
| | D) | a producer. |
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25 | |
If the first trophic level contains 10,000 units of energy, the _______ trophic level will contain ____ units of energy. |
| | A) | fifth; 10 |
| | B) | second; 9,000 |
| | C) | third; 100 |
| | D) | second; 5,000 |
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26 | |
Which of the following is biotic? |
| | A) | water |
| | B) | bacteria |
| | C) | pH |
| | D) | energy |
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27 | |
The majority of the humans on Earth generally occupy which trophic level? |
| | A) | first |
| | B) | second |
| | C) | third |
| | D) | fourth |
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28 | |
The biome you would typically find located between temperate deciduous forest and tundra is |
| | A) | prairie. |
| | B) | savanna. |
| | C) | desert. |
| | D) | boreal forest. |
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