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1

Compare historical perspectives (e.g., Arnold Gesell, John B. Watson) with the current trends regarding the importance of biological versus environmental influences on development.
2

Describe the following issues in developmental psychology:
  1. passive versus active child
  2. continuity versus discontinuity
  3. situational influences versus individual characteristics
  4. cultural universals versus cultural relativism
  5. risk and resilience
3

Compare and contrast the following pairs of developmental perspectives:
  1. behavioral and cognitive social learning
  2. Piagetian theory and information-processing
  3. psychodynamic and Erikson's modification of the psychodynamic theory
  4. systems theory perspectives and the life span perspective
4

Describe and give an example of each of the four ecological systems that relate to children’s development, according to systems theories.





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