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1 | |
During which period of prenatal development does the fertilized ovum travel down the fallopian tube and become implanted in the uterus wall? |
| | A) | the period of the fetus |
| | B) | the period of the embryo |
| | C) | the period of the egg |
| | D) | the period of the zygote |
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2 | |
During which time of pregnancy should women be most concerned about avoiding environmental intrusions such as drugs? |
| | A) | women should be equally concerned during all periods |
| | B) | the first two weeks |
| | C) | the third week to the end of the second month |
| | D) | the third month until birth |
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3 | |
Which of the following protects the developing fetus from physical shocks and temperature changes? |
| | A) | placenta |
| | B) | endoderm |
| | C) | amniotic fluid |
| | D) | umbilical cord |
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4 | |
Which of the following happens during the period of the fetus? |
| | A) | The zygote differentiates into three layers. |
| | B) | The placenta develops. |
| | C) | The central nervous system develops rapidly. |
| | D) | The amniotic sac develops. |
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5 | |
What is meant by the age of viability? |
| | A) | The age at which it is safe to get pregnant. |
| | B) | The age after which an animal could survive without a parent. |
| | C) | The age after which a prematurely born child is likely to survive. |
| | D) | The time when the embryo is no longer likely to be spontaneously aborted. |
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6 | |
The effects of teratogens on developing fetuses generally adhere to certain principles. Which of the following is NOT a principle that describes teratogenic effects? |
| | A) | Maternal and fetal genotypes can affect the developing organism’s response to the teratogen. |
| | B) | Each teratogen results in its own malformation, which only that teratogen can produce. |
| | C) | Teratogen may produce gross deviations in the child despite having no effect upon the mother. |
| | D) | Physiological factors of the mother will influence the actions of teratogens. |
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7 | |
Over the past decade there has been an increase in the number of children diagnosed with AIDS. How do most children with AIDS contract the disease? |
| | A) | Infection by their mothers prenatally, during birth, or through their mother’s milk. |
| | B) | Vaccinations in destitute areas where one needle is frequently used for multiple patients. |
| | C) | Increasing IV drug use among today’s children. |
| | D) | Blood transfusions. |
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8 | |
How do premature and low birthweight babies differ from other babies? |
| | A) | They are more attractive and sturdier. |
| | B) | They have irritating, high-pitched cries and are not very responsive. |
| | C) | They smile more than other babies. |
| | D) | They have large eyes and heads. |
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9 | |
Which of the following is likely to be found in children with fetal alcohol syndrome? |
| | A) | deafness |
| | B) | facial, heart, and limb defects |
| | C) | slow movements |
| | D) | normal intelligence |
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10 | |
Which of the following is NOT an effect of dietary deficiencies in pregnant women? |
| | A) | increased rates of spontaneous abortion |
| | B) | retarded brain growth and maturation in the fetus |
| | C) | premature births |
| | D) | irritating, high-pitched cries in the infants |
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11 | |
In the period of the embryo, the inner mass of the zygote differentiates into three layers known as the |
| | A) | ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. |
| | B) | placenta, amnion and chorion. |
| | C) | blastocyst, trophoblast and zygote. |
| | D) | skin, muscle and bone. |
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12 | |
Your sister has just had a spontaneous abortion or miscarriage. She was most likely at what stage of prenatal development? |
| | A) | Period of the ovum |
| | B) | Germinal period |
| | C) | Period of the embryo |
| | D) | Period of the fetus |
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13 | |
Which of the following principles does not accurately describe the effects of teratogens on prenatal development? |
| | A) | Individual teratogens influence specific developmental processes. |
| | B) | Maternal genotypes can affect the developing organisms response to teratogens. |
| | C) | Physiological status of the mother will influence the action of a teratogen. |
| | D) | Teratogenic agents will not produce a detrimental effect on the mother. |
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14 | |
Pregnancy and birth complications related to maternal age (under fifteen and over thirty-five) are now thought to be attributed to |
| | A) | immaturity or deterioration of the reproductive system. |
| | B) | the general health of the mother. |
| | C) | the rare blood type O. |
| | D) | the general support available to the mother. |
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15 | |
As part of your medical internship, you are responsible for educating pregnant women with AIDS. You tell them that they can reduce the risk of transmission to their unborn child by |
| | A) | continuing with their prescription drug therapy. |
| | B) | discontinuing their intravenous drug use. |
| | C) | obtaining a complete blood transfusion. |
| | D) | remaining in the hospital during their pregnancy. |
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16 | |
The actual birth of the baby occurs during which stage of labor? |
| | A) | First |
| | B) | Second |
| | C) | Third |
| | D) | Final |
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17 | |
Which function is NOT assessed by the Apgar? |
| | A) | Respiratory effort |
| | B) | Body color of the infant |
| | C) | Vision |
| | D) | Heart rate |
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18 | |
Contact between mother and her premature infant during the first few hours of life |
| | A) | is crucial to the development of a healthy attachment relationship. |
| | B) | appears to be most beneficial to the building of maternal self-confidence that can lead to more sensitive parenting. |
| | C) | has been found to be extremely beneficial for the father/mother relationship. |
| | D) | when missed, has been found to be detrimental to the development of the attachment relationship. |
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19 | |
The most consistent long-term effects of stress associated with raising a premature baby have been found |
| | A) | between parents. |
| | B) | between mother and child. |
| | C) | between father and child. |
| | D) | among siblings. |
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20 | |
Werner’s longitudinal study of the effects of birth complications on the development of children living on Kauai at the 2-year follow-up found that long-term effects of severe perinatal complications were |
| | A) | minimized in families where mothers had high intelligence regardless of socioeconomic status. |
| | B) | minimized in stable, high socioeconomic status family environments where mothers had high intelligence. |
| | C) | present at the same levels across all families. |
| | D) | relatively absent across all children and families studied. |
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