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1 | |
David Levinson and colleagues at Yale University researched the stages of male adult development and concluded that |
| | A) | there is a stage of "male menopause" |
| | B) | men have a pathological fear of aging and dying |
| | C) | men at middle age often become keenly aware of how much more time is left to accomplish life goals |
| | D) | most men actually do go through a mid-life crisis, and many are likely to make drastic changes in their lives at this time |
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2 | |
Many men at age 50 begin to realize that |
| | A) | their lives are over and they begin to plan their retirement from the labor force |
| | B) | they are likely to go downhill physically and sexually from this point on |
| | C) | this is a time to introspect and take stock of the priorities in life |
| | D) | it's now or never for the big promotions and attack their work with zeal |
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3 | |
The middle years can also be referred to as a "crisis point" for some couples |
| | A) | as they realize their sexual desire is waning because of physical changes |
| | B) | as the wife desires to resume her career, while the husband is readying for exiting the work world |
| | C) | because the husband is likely to be seeking younger sex partners to reaffirm his masculinity |
| | D) | as the woman typically settles into the "grandmothering" stage and is probably less interested in regular sexual activity |
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4 | |
Erik Erikson deems the central task of middle age to be resolving the issue of |
| | A) | identity vs. identity diffusion |
| | B) | intimacy vs. isolation |
| | C) | generativity vs. stagnation |
| | D) | maturity vs. immaturity |
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5 | |
Developmentalists McAdams and de St. Aubin see ________ as springing from two deeply rooted desires: the communal need to be nurturant and the personal desire to do something or be something that transcends death. |
| | A) | empathy |
| | B) | personality |
| | C) | maturity |
| | D) | generativity |
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6 | |
Robert Peck's aspect of mid-life which concerns the ability to become emotionally flexible is called |
| | A) | socializing vs. sexualizing |
| | B) | mental flexibility vs. mental rigidity |
| | C) | cathectic flexibility vs. cathectic impoverishment |
| | D) | valuing wisdom vs. physical powers |
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7 | |
According to Peck, individuals cultivate greater understanding and compassion when they confront the mid-life task of |
| | A) | mental flexibility vs. mental rigidity |
| | B) | cathectic flexibility vs. cathectic impoverishment |
| | C) | valuing wisdom vs. valuing physical powers |
| | D) | socializing vs. sexualizing in human relationships |
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8 | |
Until recently, most psychologists believed that personality patterns are established during early childhood and then remained relatively stable throughout life. Which model is being described? |
| | A) | situational model |
| | B) | trait model |
| | C) | interactionist model |
| | D) | psychoanalytic model |
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9 | |
According to the ________ model of adult personality development, people seek out congenial environments that reinforce their preexisting bents. |
| | A) | situational |
| | B) | interactionist |
| | C) | dynamic |
| | D) | trait |
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10 | |
Neugarten suggests that middle age typically brings a(n) |
| | A) | concern with one's legacy or psychological survivorship |
| | B) | renunciation of life's losses |
| | C) | awareness of oneself as the "breadwinner" |
| | D) | different reactions depending on socioeconomic status |
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11 | |
Gutmann has compared individuals in a number of cultures and finds that with advancing age |
| | A) | both men and women tend to move toward more passive mastery |
| | B) | both men and women tend to move toward more active mastery |
| | C) | men tend to move toward passive mastery, and women tend to move toward more active mastery |
| | D) | men tend to move toward more active mastery, and women tend to move toward passive mastery |
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12 | |
According to Gutmann, in later life those people who age successfully tend towards androgyny, which is |
| | A) | incorporating both male-typed and female-typed characteristics within a single personality |
| | B) | having the same view of themselves over time |
| | C) | having mental pictures of themselves that are relatively temporary |
| | D) | moving from passive mastery to active mastery |
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13 | |
The capacity of individuals to undergo continual change in order to adapt successfully and cope flexibly with the demands and responsibilities of life best defines |
| | A) | maturity |
| | B) | sanity |
| | C) | stability |
| | D) | satisfaction |
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14 | |
The view we have of ourselves through time as "the real me" is referred to as |
| | A) | self-image |
| | B) | self-concept |
| | C) | personality |
| | D) | maturity |
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15 | |
The mature personality will have which of the following traits? |
| | A) | relate warmly to others |
| | B) | possess emotional security |
| | C) | wide sense of self |
| | D) | all of the above |
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16 | |
Which substage of Levinson's model of male development includes reappraisal and exploration of one's self |
| | A) | mid-life transition |
| | B) | age 50 transition |
| | C) | late adult transition |
| | D) | all of the above |
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17 | |
Women in Levinson's model constituted three groups. Which is not one of these groups? |
| | A) | women in academia |
| | B) | homemakers |
| | C) | athletes |
| | D) | women in the corporate world |
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18 | |
Sociologists Blumstein and Schwartz, investigating the experiences of different types of couples, found that |
| | A) | straight and homosexual women emphasize power and dominance in their relationships |
| | B) | even when wives had full-time jobs, they did most of the housework |
| | C) | married couples measured their financial success in terms of total earned income |
| | D) | quantity and quality of sex were more important for homosexual couples than for heterosexual couples |
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19 | |
Heterosexual men take the most pleasure in their partner's success when |
| | A) | it is nearly equal to their own |
| | B) | it is superior to their own |
| | C) | it is inferior to their own |
| | D) | it is in an area vastly outside of their own |
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20 | |
Married couples measured their financial success by looking at |
| | A) | the wife's income |
| | B) | the husband's income |
| | C) | their joint income |
| | D) | a variety of factors including income, benefits, flextime, childcare, pension, etc. |
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21 | |
Women's prime of life, according to Mills Longitudinal Study, is at |
| | A) | 30, the world is my oyster, no responsibilities |
| | B) | 40, the kids are in school, I can start my life |
| | C) | 50, family and work are past, I have accomplished one thing so I'll begin another |
| | D) | 60, I can see the world with a clear eye, time to make up for lost time |
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22 | |
Being simultaneously responsible for children and parents is a task of the |
| | A) | baby boom generation |
| | B) | sandwich generation |
| | C) | interactionist generation |
| | D) | alienated generation |
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23 | |
What is a major reason for successful marriage listed by both men and women? |
| | A) | when women tend to think sex will bring tenderness and emotional expressiveness |
| | B) | when men tend to express their love through sex rather than through emotional expressiveness and tenderness |
| | C) | having a positive attitude towards one's spouse |
| | D) | all of the above |
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24 | |
Which of the following statements regarding sexual relations is accurate? |
| | A) | Extramarital affairs tend to decrease at age 50. |
| | B) | 20 year old women are as likely as 40 year old women to enter extramarital relations. |
| | C) | Extramarital transgressions usually indicate loneliness or lack of excitement. |
| | D) | The incidence of marital infidelity has declined as couples realize that sexual activity is their marital obligation. |
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25 | |
In a study of couples who have had extramarital affairs, researchers did not find |
| | A) | husbands are more likely than wives to engage in and repeat extramarital affairs |
| | B) | men are more likely than women to let an extramarital affair blossom into an full-fledged love affair |
| | C) | most people transgress the marital relationship because they are very dissatisfied with their spouse |
| | D) | sex is the major lure for extramarital love affairs |
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26 | |
According to 1998 statistics, a married woman has a greater risk of going through a divorce |
| | A) | if she doesn't have a high school diploma |
| | B) | if she marries young |
| | C) | if she has no children |
| | D) | all of the above |
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27 | |
The overall divorce rate now seems to be |
| | A) | slowly increasing |
| | B) | dramatically increasing |
| | C) | slowly decreasing |
| | D) | about the same as the past twenty years |
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28 | |
The displaced homemaker is likely to be devastated by divorce because |
| | A) | divorce is more uncommon in this group of people |
| | B) | she has a more difficult time forming new sexual relationships |
| | C) | she is ill-equipped to deal with the financial consequences of divorce |
| | D) | she is more likely than the working wife to have positive feelings toward her husband |
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29 | |
Men who do not remarry are more likely to suffer from |
| | A) | more care accidents |
| | B) | drug abuse |
| | C) | alcoholism |
| | D) | all of the above |
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30 | |
Studies show that men are likely to seek a mate who is |
| | A) | physically and emotionally at odds with them |
| | B) | younger than they are |
| | C) | financially on a par with them |
| | D) | more educated than they are |
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31 | |
Middle-aged couples whose children left home have been found to experience |
| | A) | the empty-nest syndrome |
| | B) | feelings of new freedom |
| | C) | marital discord and discontent |
| | D) | the desire to go to college or start a business |
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32 | |
For members of the sandwich generation |
| | A) | responsibility for the elderly falls most commonly on daughters and daughters-in-law |
| | B) | men are most likely to experience role overload |
| | C) | elderly parents are considered a burden and are rarely taken care of |
| | D) | elderly parents are more likely to be taken care of if the parents live far away |
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33 | |
The best defenses against job burnout are |
| | A) | good pay and job security |
| | B) | apathy and fatalism |
| | C) | self-respect and a chance to perform well |
| | D) | idealism and high expectations |
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34 | |
According to a recent survey, what percentage of Americans polled switched careers last year? |
| | A) | more than 75 percent |
| | B) | over 50 percent |
| | C) | 12 percent |
| | D) | 25 percent |
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35 | |
Job insecurity in the United States has been rising because of all of the following except |
| | A) | automation and technological advances |
| | B) | corporate downsizing |
| | C) | globalization of the economy |
| | D) | underskilled labor force |
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36 | |
Kaufman's fourth stage of unemployment is |
| | A) | resignation, withdrawal, settling for other work |
| | B) | high levels of self-doubt and anxiety, a bleak outlook |
| | C) | great financial difficulty, possibly divorce |
| | D) | shock, relief, relaxation |
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37 | |
According to Levinson, the phase in adult development in which people come to terms with their youth and work on individuation is called |
| | A) | settling down |
| | B) | age 30 transition |
| | C) | entry into life structure |
| | D) | mid-life transition |
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2003 McGraw-Hill Higher Education