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  1. Genetic Analysis of Human Diseases
    1. A genetic basis for a human disease may be suggested from a variety of observations
    2. Inheritance patterns of human diseases may be determined via pedigree analysis
    3. Many genetic disorders are heterogeneous
    4. Genetic testing can identify many inherited human diseases
    5. Prions are infectious particles that alter protein function posttranslationally
  2. Genetic Basis of Cancer
    1. Certain viruses can cause cancer by carrying viral oncogenes into the cell
    2. DNA isolated from malignant mouse cells can transform normal mouse cells into malignant cells
    3. Many oncogenes have abnormalities that affect proteins involved in cell division pathways
    4. Genetic changes in cellular proto-oncogenes convert them to cellular oncogenes
    5. Tumor-suppressor genes play a role in preventing the proliferation of cancer cells
    6. The vertebrate p53 gene is a master tumor-suppressor gene that senses DNA damage
    7. Many types of tumor suppressor genes can promote cancer when their function is lost
    8. Most forms of cancer involve multiple genetic changes leading to malignancy
    9. Inherited forms of cancers may be caused by defects in tumor-suppressor genes and DNA repair genes





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