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1 | |
When sperm make contact with the zona pellucida surrounding the egg, ______ enzymes are released that allow a sperm to enter the egg. |
| | A) | acrosomal |
| | B) | acidic |
| | C) | basic |
| | D) | upgrading |
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2 | |
Polyspermy is prevented by: |
| | A) | Release of acrosomal enzymes. |
| | B) | Depolarization of the egg's plasma membrane. |
| | C) | Lifting of the zona pellucida away from the egg's plasma membrane. |
| | D) | Both B and C are correct. |
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3 | |
The fertilized egg is initially called the ______. |
| | A) | oocyte |
| | B) | ovum |
| | C) | zygote |
| | D) | embryo |
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4 | |
Cleavage of the zygote refers to: |
| | A) | mitosis with no increase in cell size. |
| | B) | mitosis with increase in cell size. |
| | C) | migration of cells after division. |
| | D) | formation of the extra-embryonic membranes. |
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5 | |
After implantation in the endometrium, the cells surrounding the embryo produce ______, the presence of which is the basis for a positive pregnancy test. |
| | A) | human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) |
| | B) | luteinizing hormone (LH) |
| | C) | cortisol |
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6 | |
Morphogenesis refers to _________. |
| | A) | the total life cycle of any animal |
| | B) | the shaping of the embryo |
| | C) | the mechanism by which gametes are formed |
| | D) | the study of the beginning and end of life |
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7 | |
At what embryonic stage is the inner cell mass first evident? |
| | A) | zygote |
| | B) | morula |
| | C) | blastula |
| | D) | gastrula |
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8 | |
All muscles of the human body are derived from what germ layer? |
| | A) | ectoderm |
| | B) | endoderm |
| | C) | mesoderm |
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9 | |
One of the extraembryonic membranes, the ______, provides a fluid environment for the developing embryo and fetus. |
| | A) | chorion |
| | B) | amnion |
| | C) | allantois |
| | D) | yolk sac |
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10 | |
Which extraembryonic membrane contributes to the circulatory system of the fetus by becoming umbilical blood vessels? |
| | A) | chorion |
| | B) | amnion |
| | C) | allantois |
| | D) | yolk sac |
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11 | |
The _____ is where fetal blood exchanges molecules with maternal blood. |
| | A) | uterus |
| | B) | vagina |
| | C) | placenta |
| | D) | umbilical cord |
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12 | |
The extra-embryonic membrane that develops into the fetal half of the placenta is the: |
| | A) | amnion. |
| | B) | yolk sac. |
| | C) | allantois. |
| | D) | chorion. |
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13 | |
The trophoblast of the pre-embryo will become the: |
| | A) | embryo. |
| | B) | yolk sac. |
| | C) | chorion. |
| | D) | embryonic disk. |
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14 | |
Which of the following is NOT a primary germ layer? |
| | A) | gastroderm. |
| | B) | endoderm |
| | C) | ectoderm. |
| | D) | mesoderm. |
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15 | |
What is the first major body system to become visually evident in the embryo? |
| | A) | skeletal |
| | B) | cardiovascular |
| | C) | nervous |
| | D) | muscular |
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16 | |
When does the heart develop and begin pumping blood? |
| | A) | 1 to 2 weeks |
| | B) | 2 to 3 weeks |
| | C) | 3 to 4 weeks |
| | D) | 4 to 5 weeks |
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17 | |
When does the embryo take on human characteristics? |
| | A) | 4 to 6 weeks |
| | B) | 6 to 8 weeks |
| | C) | 8 to 10 weeks |
| | D) | 10 to 12 weeks |
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18 | |
Which of the following is NOT required for the development of a male child? |
| | A) | testosterone |
| | B) | dihydrotestosterone (DHT) |
| | C) | Wolffian hormone |
| | D) | anti-Mullerian hormone |
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19 | |
In androgen insensitivity syndrome, the fetus has ____ and _____ external sex characteristics. |
| | A) | ovaries; female |
| | B) | ovaries; male |
| | C) | testes; female |
| | D) | testes; male |
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20 | |
Which of these is true about estrogen and progesterone from the placenta during pregnancy? |
| | A) | These hormones prevent new follicles from maturing. |
| | B) | These hormones maintain the uterine lining. |
| | C) | Both A and B |
| | D) | Neither A nor B |
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21 | |
Harmful chemicals can cross the placenta, and this is of particular concern during the ______ period, when various structures are first forming. |
| | A) | latent |
| | B) | embryonic |
| | C) | birthing |
| | D) | development |
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22 | |
In the fetal circulatory system, the oval opening is located between the ____________. |
| | A) | pulmonary artery and aorta |
| | B) | umbilical vein and inferior vena cava |
| | C) | two atria |
| | D) | two ventricles |
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23 | |
Which of the following ducts connect the pulmonary artery to the aorta in the fetus? |
| | A) | oval opening |
| | B) | venous duct |
| | C) | arterial duct |
| | D) | umbilical artery |
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24 | |
At the end of the first two months, the embryo _________. |
| | A) | has a tail |
| | B) | has all major organs |
| | C) | has a large head |
| | D) | has both B and C |
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25 | |
The period of fetal development is during the _______. |
| | A) | third month through the ninth month |
| | B) | first week through the sixth week |
| | C) | second week through the eighth week |
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26 | |
In the fetus, bone is replacing cartilage during ________. |
| | A) | weeks 1-4 |
| | B) | weeks 5-8 |
| | C) | the third month |
| | D) | the fifth month |
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27 | |
It is possible to distinguish sex in the fetus during _______. |
| | A) | weeks 1-4 |
| | B) | weeks 5-8 |
| | C) | the third month |
| | D) | the fifth month |
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28 | |
The wrinkled, translucent, pink-colored skin of the fetus covered by a fine down is called ______. |
| | A) | fluff |
| | B) | lanugo |
| | C) | vernix |
| | D) | dermis |
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29 | |
What determines whether a fetus is male or female? |
| | A) | presence of a Y chromosome |
| | B) | presence of an X chromosome |
| | C) | androgenic hormones of the mother |
| | D) | All of these are correct. |
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30 | |
Labor and the expulsion of the fetus are termed _______. |
| | A) | dilation |
| | B) | contraction |
| | C) | parturition |
| | D) | remission |
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31 | |
The hormones involved in uterine contractions are _______. |
| | A) | epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| | B) | calcitonin and cortisol |
| | C) | prostaglandins and oxytocin |
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32 | |
The birth of the baby occurs during the ______ stage of parturition. |
| | A) | first |
| | B) | second |
| | C) | third |
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33 | |
The delivery of the afterbirth or placenta occurs during the ___ stage of parturition. |
| | A) | first |
| | B) | second |
| | C) | third |
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34 | |
Which hormones are involved with lactation? |
| | A) | oxytocin |
| | B) | HCG |
| | C) | prolactin |
| | D) | both A and C |
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35 | |
Increased maternal weight comes from: |
| | A) | breast and uterine enlargement. |
| | B) | weight of the fetus. |
| | C) | increased storage of proteins, fats, and minerals. |
| | D) | All of these are correct. |
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36 | |
Which of the following does NOT increase during pregnancy? |
| | A) | maternal blood volume |
| | B) | maternal vital capacity |
| | C) | maternal intestinal motility |
| | D) | maternal red blood cell count |
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37 | |
The study of aging is called _______. |
| | A) | paleontology |
| | B) | ethnobotany |
| | C) | elderology |
| | D) | gerontology |
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38 | |
Which of the following is(are) associated with osteoporosis? |
| | A) | cigarette smoking |
| | B) | heavy alcohol intake |
| | C) | inadequate calcium intake |
| | D) | All of these are correct. |
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39 | |
Which of these is a contemporary theory of aging? |
| | A) | aging is genetic |
| | B) | aging is a whole-body process involving systems (e.g., the endocrine or immune system) |
| | C) | aging is mostly due to a lifetime of poor health habits |
| | D) | All of these are correct. |
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40 | |
The leading cause of death among the elderly is ______. |
| | A) | kidney malfunction |
| | B) | cardiovascular disorders |
| | C) | glaucoma |
| | D) | osteoporosis |
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41 | |
Which of these is a typical part of aging? |
| | A) | a loss in short-term memory |
| | B) | loss of skeletal muscle mass |
| | C) | weight gain |
| | D) | All of these are correct. |
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42 | |
Which of the following is NOT an effect of aging seen with the integumentary (skin) system? |
| | A) | Thinning of the skin with less adipose tissue. |
| | B) | Blotches of pigmentation. |
| | C) | Thinning of hair due to fewer hair follicles. |
| | D) | Temperature adjustments limited due to more sweat glands. |
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43 | |
Which of the following is NOT an effect of aging related to the cardiovascular system? |
| | A) | Arteries become more rigid due to cross-linking and plaque build-up. |
| | B) | Increased blood supply to the kidneys leading to less efficient filtering. |
| | C) | Heart size decreases due to decrease in muscle cell size. |
| | D) | Increased blood pressure due to increased heart activity and more rigid arteries. |
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