• DNA is the genetic material, and therefore, its structure and function constitute the molecular basis of inheritance.
• When DNA replicates, two exact copies result. RNA structure is similar to, but also different from, that of DNA. RNA occurs in three forms, each with a specific function.

1. How does the structure of DNA allow it to be replicated?
   Answer
2. How is RNA structure similar to, but also different from, that of DNA? What are the different forms of RNA?
   Answer

Essential Study Partner

• DNA Structure
• DNA Replication
• Concept Review

Animation Activity

• DNA Structure
• Dna Replication(English)
• Dna Replication(Spanish)
• Protein Synthesis(English)
• Protein Synthesis(Spanish)
• Bidirectional Replication of DNA(English)
• Bidirectional Replication of DNA(Spanish)
• How DNA Replication Works (653.0K)
• How Facilitated Diffusion Works

Art Quiz

• Base Pairing

• Proteins are composed of amino acids, and they function, in particular, as enzymes and as structural elements of membranes and organelles in cells.
• DNA's genetic information codes for the sequence of amino acids in a protein during protein synthesis.
• Transcription and translation are two processes involved with gene expression.
• There are various levels of genetic control in human cells.

1. What is the structure of a protein and what function do proteins perform in a metabolic pathway?
   Answer
2. What are the two steps of gene expression, and how are they carried out?
   Answer
3. What are various levels of genetic control in human cells? How is transcriptional control achieved?
   Answer

Essential Study Partner

• Gene Activity
• Transcription
• Translation

Animation Activity

• Transcription
• Translation
• Polyribosome
• Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes(English)
• Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes(Spanish)
• How Translation Works
• Overview of the Krebs Cycle

• Proteomics may lead to the development of better drugs to combat disease.
• Bioinformatics is the application of computer technologies to the study of the genome.

1. What are genomics and proteomics?
   Answer
2. Why is the genome now said to be three-dimensional?
   Answer

• DNA technology allows scientists to clone genes for genetic research.
• Recombinant DNA technology is the basis for biotechnology, an industry that produces many products.
• Modern-day biotechnology is expected to produce many products and to revolutionize agriculture and animal husbandry. It also permits gene therapy and the mapping of human chromosomes.

1. What two genetic engineering techniques allow scientists to clone a gene?
   Answer
2. How and why is DNA fingerprinting done?
   Answer
3. What is biotechnology, and what are some kinds of biotechnology products?
   Answer
4. In what ways does genetic engineering improve agricultural plants and farm animals?
   Answer

Essential Study Partner

• Technology
• Applications

Animation Activities

• Polymerase Chain Reaction
• Bacterial Conjugation Plasmid(English)
• Bacterial Conjugation Plasmid(Spanish)

Reading

• DNA in Criminal Investigations
• Tissue Engineering

Bioethical Case Studies

• DNA Dragnets. The Case of Anna P.
• Barn Owl Conservation