Please answer all questions

1		Which of the following tasks is NOT accomplished by DNA?
			A)	undergoes mutations that can provide variation.
			B)	provides energy for the cell.
			C)	stores information.
			D)	replicates to pass a copy to the next generation.
2		A DNA nucleotide is made of all of the following except:
			A)	a nitrogen-containing base
			B)	deoxyribose sugar.
			C)	phosphate
			D)	phospholipid
3		The rungs of the DNA ladder are composed of:
			A)	alternating sugar and phosphate.
			B)	alternating carbon and nitrogen.
			C)	complementary base pairs.
			D)	complementary sugar pairs.
4		Complementary base pairing in DNA is always:
			A)	A to T and C to G.
			B)	A to C and T to G.
			C)	A to G and C to T
			D)	A to U and C to G.
5		Choose the characteristic that describes the DNA molecule.
			A)	four bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine
			B)	two strands of nucleotides twisted into a double helix
			C)	sugar phosphate backbone and complementary base-pairing in the interior
			D)	All of these are correct.
6		Making a copy of DNA is called:
			A)	reduction.
			B)	replication.
			C)	transcription.
			D)	translation.
7		What event occurs first in the replication of DNA?
			A)	new nucleotides fit into place
			B)	new nucleotides are joined by DNA polymerase
			C)	enzymes unzip DNA molecule, breaking hydrogen bonds between bases
			D)	repair enzymes fix errors made during replication
8		RNA differs from DNA in a number of respects. What base is used in RNA that is not used in DNA?
			A)	thymine
			B)	uracil
			C)	adenine
			D)	guanine
9		Which of these is not a type of RNA used during protein synthesis in the cell?
			A)	ribosomal RNA
			B)	messenger RNA
			C)	transfer RNA
			D)	None of these are correct.
10		Ribosomes are manufactured by the:
			A)	nucleolus.
			B)	mitochondria.
			C)	rough endoplasmic reticulum.
			D)	centrioles.
11		Messenger RNA carries genetic information from chromosomes to the ______.
			A)	ribosomes
			B)	endoplasmic reticulum
			C)	nucleolus
			D)	plasmids
12		The purpose of tRNA is to:
			A)	get the genetic code from DNA.
			B)	link lipids together in a chain.
			C)	help in DNA replication.
			D)	carry specific amino acids to mRNA.
13		There are ____ different amino acids.
			A)	15
			B)	23
			C)	20
			D)	25
14		Proteins are __________.
			A)	found in all parts of the body
			B)	used as enzymes to catalyze reactions
			C)	composed of amino acids
			D)	All of these are correct.
15		_______ is the synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template.
			A)	Transcription
			B)	Translation
			C)	Duplication
			D)	Cloning
16		________is converting the sequence of bases on mRNA to a sequence of amino acids.
			A)	Transcription
			B)	Replication
			C)	Translation
			D)	Processing.
17		A ________ codes for a specific sequence of amino acids in a protein.
			A)	gene
			B)	nucleotide
			C)	polyribosome
			D)	nucleic acid
18		Portions of genes that do not code for amino acids are called:
			A)	exons.
			B)	introns
			C)	alleles.
			D)	templates.
19		Before messenger RNA (mRNA) leaves the nucleus, ___________.
			A)	mRNA is replicated
			B)	mRNA is processed and exons are removed
			C)	mRNA is processed and introns are removed
			D)	None of these is correct.
20		Transfer RNA anticodons pair complementarily to the ______ in mRNA.
			A)	sugar
			B)	codons
			C)	phosphate
			D)	ladders
21		Transfer RNA molecules come to the ribosomes in the order dictated by _______.
			A)	processed mRNA
			B)	rRNA
			C)	original DNA
22		DNA contains a triplet code in which every three ______ stand for one amino acid.
			A)	enzymes
			B)	sugars
			C)	phosphate groups
			D)	bases
23		____ occurs in the nucleus and ___ occurs in the cytoplasm.
			A)	Transcription; translation
			B)	Translation; transcription.
24		Control of gene expression occurs at ____ levels.
			A)	two
			B)	three
			C)	four
			D)	five
25		Which of the following is the first step in gene expression?
			A)	Translational control.
			B)	Post-translational control.
			C)	Transcriptional control
			D)	Post-transcriptional control.
26		The study of genomes is called:
			A)	genetics.
			B)	genomics
			C)	embryology.
			D)	cytology.
27		The study of the structure, function, and interaction of cellular proteins is called:
			A)	bioinformatics.
			B)	haplotypics.
			C)	genomics.
			D)	proteomics.
28		Using recombinant DNA technology, a restriction enzyme _______.
			A)	removes a specific gene from human DNA
			B)	opens a bacterial plasmid
			C)	Both A and B are correct.
29		Gene ______ is achieved when a host cell takes up the recombined plasmid and the host and plasmid reproduce.
			A)	destruction
			B)	restructuring
			C)	cloning
			D)	flow
30		Free-living organisms with a foreign gene are called _______ organisms.
			A)	transposed
			B)	transmutated
			C)	transparent
			D)	transgenic
31		Genetically engineered bacteria have been formed that _______.
			A)	protect crop plants from common herbicides
			B)	protect crop plants from pests
			C)	Both A and B are correct.
32		Which of the following is NOT a use of transgenic bacteria?
			A)	Produce hormones such as insulin and growth hormone.
			B)	Clean up oil spills and sewage.
			C)	Extract metals such as gold from low-grade sources.
			D)	All of the above are used for transgenic bacteria.