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1 | |
Which of these characteristics is typical of cancer cells? |
| | A) | cancer cells lack contact inhibition |
| | B) | cancer cells induce angiogenesis |
| | C) | cancer cells lack differentiation |
| | D) | All of these are correct. |
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2 | |
Cancer in situ _______. |
| | A) | invades normal tissue |
| | B) | is found in one place |
| | C) | dies quickly |
| | D) | spreads quickly |
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3 | |
Which step in carcinogenesis is correctly matched with its description? |
| | A) | Promotion - cells invade other tissues, lymph, and blood |
| | B) | Initiation - a single cell has a mutation that allows it to divide repeatedly |
| | C) | Progression - new mutations occur and a cancer in situ forms. |
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4 | |
What is the correct order of steps in carcinogenesis? |
| | A) | promotion, intitiation, progression |
| | B) | progression, promotion, initiation |
| | C) | initiation, progression, promotion |
| | D) | initiation, promotion, progression |
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5 | |
The formation of new blood vessels is _________. |
| | A) | carcinogenesis |
| | B) | metastasis. |
| | C) | differentiation. |
| | D) | angiogenesis. |
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6 | |
Cancer cells produce _____ enzymes that degrade membranes which allows movement into other tissues. |
| | A) | suppressor |
| | B) | proteinase |
| | C) | inhibitor |
| | D) | metastase |
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7 | |
____________ encode for proteins that promote the cell cycle and prevent apoptosis. |
| | A) | Tumor-suppressor genes |
| | B) | Proto-oncogenes |
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8 | |
A(n) ______ is a cancer-causing gene. |
| | A) | oncogene |
| | B) | mutagen |
| | C) | antibody |
| | D) | antigen |
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9 | |
The oncogenes most frequently involved in human cancers belong to the ______ gene family. |
| | A) | GPA |
| | B) | HIV |
| | C) | AIDS |
| | D) | ras |
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10 | |
Tumors that fail to have cells undergoing apoptosis lack an active _________ gene. |
| | A) | p53 |
| | B) | BRAC-1 |
| | C) | ras |
| | D) | RB |
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11 | |
In cancer cells, oncogenes cause: |
| | A) | an excess of Cyclin D which gives an uncontrollable cell division. |
| | B) | an excess of p53 inhibitors so apoptosis does not occur. |
| | C) | Both A and B are correct |
| | D) | Neither A nor B are correct |
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12 | |
Mutated tumor-suppressor genes cause: |
| | A) | no inhibitors of cyclin giving uncontrolled growth. |
| | B) | an increase of ras proteins. |
| | C) | no promotors of p53 giving no apoptosis. |
| | D) | Both A and C are correct. |
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13 | |
___ is the study of cancer. |
| | A) | Oncology |
| | B) | Cytology |
| | C) | Histology |
| | D) | Tumorology |
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14 | |
Which cancer classification is NOT matched with its description? |
| | A) | leukemias - cancers of the blood |
| | B) | carcinomas - cancer of epithelial tissue |
| | C) | lymphomas - cancers of lymphatic tissue |
| | D) | sarcomas - cancers of the liver |
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15 | |
The most common cancer in males is: |
| | A) | lung cancer |
| | B) | colorectal cancer |
| | C) | prostate cancer |
| | D) | leukemia |
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16 | |
The most common cancer in females is: |
| | A) | non-Hodgkin lymphoma |
| | B) | lung cancer |
| | C) | ovarian cancer |
| | D) | breast cancer |
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17 | |
Which type of cancer causes the most deaths in both males and females? |
| | A) | skin cancer |
| | B) | Lung cancer |
| | C) | colorectal cancer |
| | D) | reproductive organ cancer |
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18 | |
An agent that causes mutation is a/an: |
| | A) | cacinogen |
| | B) | mutagen. |
| | C) | oncogene |
| | D) | none of the above |
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19 | |
A _______ is an environmental agent that can contribute to the development of cancer. |
| | A) | mutagen |
| | B) | fibrinogen |
| | C) | carcinogen |
| | D) | factor |
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20 | |
Which of the following is NOT an environmental carcinogen? |
| | A) | radiation |
| | B) | high fiber food |
| | C) | viruses |
| | D) | certain organic chemicals |
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21 | |
____ percent of all cancers are related to tobacco smoke. |
| | A) | 80 |
| | B) | 90 |
| | C) | 70 |
| | D) | 60 |
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22 | |
What DNA virus has been linked to a type of human cancer? |
| | A) | hepatitis B virus |
| | B) | human papillomavirus |
| | C) | Epstein-Barr virus |
| | D) | All of these are correct. |
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23 | |
Which of the following is NOT a warning signal of possible cancer? |
| | A) | change in bowel habits |
| | B) | thickening or lump |
| | C) | cold-like symptoms |
| | D) | a sore that does not heal |
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24 | |
Which of the following is a correct sign of possible malignant melanoma? |
| | A) | uniform color of a mole |
| | B) | irregular border of a mole |
| | C) | symmetrical appearance of a mole |
| | D) | a mole with a diameter of 2mm |
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25 | |
The PAP smear is a test for _______ cancer. |
| | A) | colon |
| | B) | cervical |
| | C) | breast |
| | D) | ovarian |
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26 | |
______ is an X-ray study of the breast used to detect tumors too small to be felt. |
| | A) | Sigmoidoscopy |
| | B) | Mammography |
| | C) | Tomography |
| | D) | Chemotherapy |
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27 | |
Sigmoidoscopy is a test for _______ cancer. |
| | A) | breast |
| | B) | colon |
| | C) | cervical |
| | D) | brain |
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28 | |
The standard methods of treatment for cancer are _______. |
| | A) | surgery |
| | B) | radiation |
| | C) | chemotherapy |
| | D) | All of these are correct. |
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29 | |
Most chemotherapeutic drugs kill cells by damaging _______. |
| | A) | DNA |
| | B) | protein |
| | C) | nearby blood vessels |
| | D) | All of these are correct. |
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30 | |
_______ involves genetically engineered antigen-presenting cells that give tumor antigens to cytotoxic T-cells that kill the tumor cells. |
| | A) | Immunotherapy |
| | B) | Chemotherapy |
| | C) | Angiogenic therapy |
| | D) | Biopsy |
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