• The urinary system consists of organs that produce, store, and rid the body of urine.
• The kidneys excrete metabolic wastes and maintain the water-salt and the acid-base balance of the blood within normal limits.

1. What are the functions and what are the organs of the urinary system?
   Answer
2. In what four ways do the kidneys help maintain homeostasis?
   Answer

Essential Study Partner

• Urinary System

Art Labeling Activity

• Urinary System

• Kidneys have a macroscopic (gross) anatomy and a microscopic anatomy.
• Urine is produced by many microscopic tubules called nephrons.

1. What are the three major areas of a kidney?
   Answer
2. What microscopic structure is responsible for the production of urine?
   Answer
3. How do the parts of a nephron differ?
   Answer

Essential Study Partner

• Kidneys

Animation Activity

• Kidney Function

Art Labeling Activity

• Anatomy of a Kidney and Lobe
• Nephron Anatomy
• Nephron Anatomy II

Art Quiz

• Nephron
• Transport Process in Mammalian Nephron

• Like many physiological processes, urine formation is a multistep process.

1. What are the major processes in urine formation?
   Answer
2. How does the nephron carry out these processes?
   Answer

Essential Study Partner

• Urine Formation

• The kidneys are under hormonal control as they regulate the water-salt balance of the body.

1. Where and how is water reabsorbed so that urine is concentrated?
   Answer
2. What three hormones influence urine production and kidney function? How do these hormones work together?
   Answer
3. How do the kidneys regulate the pH of body fluids?
   Answer

Essential Study Partner

• Urine Concentration

• The kidneys are vital body organs, and their malfunction causes illness and even death.

1. What are the most common causes of renal disease, and how can it be treated?
   Answer

• The urinary system works with the other systems of the body to maintain homeostasis
• The kidneys excrete hydrogen ions and reabsorb bicarbonate ions to regulate the pH of the blood.

1. How does the urinary system work with other systems of the body to maintain homeostasis?
   Answer
2. How do the kidneys regulate the pH of body fluids?
   Answer

• Systems Scramble
• Systems Review Quiz

Art Quiz

• Homeostasis of Blood Volume and Pressure