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1 | |
The removal of metabolic wastes from the body is called __________ |
| | A) | secretion |
| | B) | defecation |
| | C) | excretion |
| | D) | maintenance |
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2 | |
__________ is the primary nitrogenous end product of humans. |
| | A) | Ammonia |
| | B) | Uric acid |
| | C) | Urea |
| | D) | Creatine phosphate |
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3 | |
Besides the excretion of metabolic wastes, which of these describes a vital function of the kidneys? |
| | A) | The kidneys maintain the water-salt balance of the body. |
| | B) | The kidneys regulate the blood's pH. |
| | C) | The kidneys assist the hormone system. |
| | D) | All of these are correct. |
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4 | |
To stimulate red blood cell production, the kidneys will secrete the hormone_____________. |
| | A) | aldosterone |
| | B) | renin |
| | C) | erythropoietin |
| | D) | atrial natriuretic hormone |
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5 | |
The __________ convey(s) urine from the kidneys toward the bladder. |
| | A) | urethra |
| | B) | nephrons |
| | C) | prostate gland |
| | D) | ureters |
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6 | |
Which of the following structure of the urinary bladder can be voluntarily controlled? |
| | A) | external sphincter muscle |
| | B) | internal sphincter muscle |
| | C) | middle layer of circular fiber |
| | D) | longitudinal muscle |
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7 | |
The __________ extend(s) from the urinary bladder to an external opening. |
| | A) | ureter |
| | B) | renal arteries |
| | C) | urethra |
| | D) | glomerulus |
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8 | |
The stretch reflex to trigger the contraction of the urinary bladder is sent to the spinal cord when the urinary bladder holds about _____ milliliters of urine. |
| | A) | 75 |
| | B) | 250 |
| | C) | 600 |
| | D) | 1,000 |
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9 | |
The outer layer of the kidney is the ________. |
| | A) | renal medulla |
| | B) | renal pelvis |
| | C) | renal cortex |
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10 | |
The portion(s) of the kidneys that actually produce urine is/are the ________. |
| | A) | renal medulla |
| | B) | renal pyramids |
| | C) | nephrons |
| | D) | All of these are correct. |
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11 | |
Podocytes are characteristic of what portion of a nephron? |
| | A) | cells of the proximal convoluted tubule |
| | B) | capillary walls of the glomerulus |
| | C) | cells of the distal convoluted tubule |
| | D) | loop of the nephron |
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12 | |
Microvilli, that increase the surface area for reabsorption, are numerous within which portion of the nephron? |
| | A) | proximal convoluted tubule |
| | B) | loop of the nephron |
| | C) | distal convoluted tubule |
| | D) | collecting ducts of several nephrons |
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13 | |
Filterable blood components consist of ________. |
| | A) | water and salt |
| | B) | nitrogenous wastes |
| | C) | nutrients |
| | D) | All of these are correct. |
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14 | |
If the composition of urine were like that of the glomerular filtrate, death would result from __________. |
| | A) | starvation |
| | B) | dehydration |
| | C) | low blood pressure |
| | D) | all of the above |
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15 | |
As a result of an increase of glucose in the filtrate |
| | A) | more water is reabsorbed into the peritubular capillary |
| | B) | more water is secreted from the peritubular capillary |
| | C) | less water is secreted from the peritubular capillary |
| | D) | less water is reabsorbed into the peritubular capillary |
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16 | |
In diabetes mellitus, excess __________ occurs in the blood. |
| | A) | protein |
| | B) | fat |
| | C) | glucose |
| | D) | amino acid |
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17 | |
The substances that are not reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule |
| | A) | enter the glomerulus |
| | B) | enter the nephron loop |
| | C) | are reabsorbed in the juxtaglomerular apparatus |
| | D) | enter Bowman's capsule |
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18 | |
The excretion of a hypertonic urine is dependent upon the reabsorption of water from the _____________. |
| | A) | glomerular capsule and proximal convoluted tubule |
| | B) | proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule |
| | C) | loop of Henle and collecting duct |
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19 | |
What factor is involved in the regulation of salt balance, and thus blood volume and pressure, in the body? |
| | A) | juxtaglomerular apparatus |
| | B) | aldosterone |
| | C) | renin |
| | D) | all of the above. |
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20 | |
The hormone that changes angiotensinogen into angiotensin I is ______________. |
| | A) | erythropoietin |
| | B) | atrial natriuretic hormone |
| | C) | antidiuretic hormone |
| | D) | renin |
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21 | |
This substance is released by the pituitary gland and plays a role in water reabsorption. |
| | A) | sodium chloride |
| | B) | antidiuretic hormone |
| | C) | atrial natriuretic hormone |
| | D) | diuretic hormone |
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22 | |
Which of these is a diuretic? |
| | A) | caffeine |
| | B) | alcohol |
| | C) | both A and B |
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23 | |
If blood is acidic, which ions are excreted? |
| | A) | hydrogen |
| | B) | sodium |
| | C) | both A and B |
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24 | |
Individuals who need a kidney transplant usually must undergo an artificial treatment called ______ until a suitable kidney can be found. |
| | A) | hemodialysis |
| | B) | hemolysis |
| | C) | selective reabsorption |
| | D) | active transport |
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25 | |
To maintain homeostasis, the kidney excretes and reabsorbs the following ions as needed: __________. |
| | A) | bicarbonate |
| | B) | potassium |
| | C) | calcium |
| | D) | sodium |
| | E) | All of these are correct |
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