| accelerated programs | The more rapid promotion of gifted students through school.
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| advanced placement | Courses and programs in which younger students can earn college credit.
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| affective domain | The area of learning that involves attitudes, values, and emotions.
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| bilingual education | Educational programs in which students of limited or no English-speaking ability attend classes taught in English, as well as in their native language. There is great variability in these programs in terms of goals, instructional opportunity, and balance between English and a student’s native language.
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| classroom climate | The physical, emotional, and aesthetic characteristics, as well as the learning resources of a school classroom.
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| cognitive domain | The area of learning that involves knowledge, information, and intellectual skills.
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| emotional intelligence quotient (EQ) | Personality characteristics, such as persistence, can be measured as part of a new human dimension referred to as EQ. Some believe that EQ scores may be better predictors or future success than IQ scores.
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| enculturation | The process of acquiring a culture; a child’s acquisition of the cultural heritage through both formal and informal educational means.
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| exceptional learners | Students who require special education and related services in order to realize their full potential. Categories of exceptionality include retarded, gifted, learning disabled, emotionally disturbed, and physically disabled.
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| gifted learner | There is great variance in definitions and categorizations of the “gifted.” the term is most frequently applied to those with exceptional intellectual ability, but it may also refer to learners with outstanding ability in athletics, leadership, music, creativity, and so forth.
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| inclusion | The practice of educating and integrating children with disabilities into regular classroom settings.
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| Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) | Federal law passed in 1990, which extends full educational services and provisions to people identified with disabilities.
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| learning disability | An educationally significant language and/or learning deficit.
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| least restrictive environment | The program best suited to meeting a disabled student’s special needs without segregating the student from the regular educational program.
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| limited English proficiency (LEP) | A student who has a limited ability to understand, speak, or read English and who has a native language other than English.
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| mainstreaming (inclusion) | The inclusion of special education students in the regular education program. The nature and extent of this inclusion should be based on meeting the special needs of the child.
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| multicultural education | Educational policies and practices that not only recognize but also affirm human differences and similarities associated with gender, race, ethnicity, nationality, disability, and class.
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| multiple intelligences | A theory developed by Howard Gardner to expand the concept of human intelligence to include such areas as logical-mathematical, linguistic, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, spatial, interpersonal, and intrapersonal.
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| portfolio | Compilations of work (such as papers, projects, videotapes) assembled to demonstrate growth, creativity, and competence. Often advocated as a more comprehensive assessment than test scores.
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| special education | Programs and instruction for children with physical, mental, emotional, or learning disabilities or gifted students who need special educational services in order to achieve at their ability level.
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| zero reject | The principle that no child with disabilities may be denied a free and appropriate public education.
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| Equal Educational Opportunities Act (EEOA) | Refers to giving every student the educational opportunity to develop fully whatever talents, interests, and abilities he or she may have without regard to race, color, national origin, sex, disability, or economic status.
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| individualized education program (IEP) | The mechanism through which a disabled child’s special needs are identified, objectives and services are described, and evaluation is designed.
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