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Multiple Choice Quiz
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1
Biotechnology has been used to produce _____.
A)nucleic acids for research
B)vaccines
C)bacteria capable of producing human insulin
D)all of the above
2
Environmental pollutants may be cleaned up by genetically engineered bacteria.
A)True
B)False
3
Small accessory rings of DNA are called _____.
A)recombinant DNA
B)plasmids
C)clones
D)transposons
4
A vector is the means by which recombinant DNA is introduced into a host cell.
A)True
B)False
5
The plasmid DNA is cleaved by _____.
A)DNA ligase
B)DNA polymerase
C)a restriction enzyme
D)helicase
6
Which type of nucleic acid contains nucleotides from two different sources (species)?
A)DNA
B)rDNA
C)mRNA
D)tRNA
7
A clone is a large number of __________ that are identical to the original specimen.
A)molecules
B)organisms
C)cells
D)all of the above
8
Each restriction enzyme cuts DNA at a specific cleavage site.
A)True
B)False
9
Foreign and vector DNA must be cleaved with _____ restriction enzyme when making recombinant DNA.
A)the same
B)different
10
The foreign DNA is sealed into the opening created by the restriction enzyme by _____.
A)DNA polymerase
B)DNA repair enzymes
C)DNA ligase
D)helicase
11
The single-stranded but complementary ends of the two DNA molecules cleaved by the restriction enzyme _____.
A)are called "sticky ends"
B)can bind by complementary base pairing
C)facilitate the insertion of foreign DNA into vector DNA
D)all of the above
12
A gene can be cloned by using a _____.
A)plasmid
B)virus
C)both A and B
13
When a bacterial cell reproduces after taking up a recombined plasmid, each new cell contains at least one plasmid.
A)True
B)False
14
The full set of genes of an individual is called _____.
A)a genome
B)a vector
C)a plasmid
D)recombinant DNA
15
In order for human gene expression to occur in a bacterium the gene has to be accompanied by _____.
A)the proper regulatory proteins
B)introns
C)both A and B
16
A copy of DNA can be made from mature mRNA molecules by _____.
A)DNA polymerase
B)restriction enzymes
C)reverse transcriptase
D)DNA ligase
17
Complementary DNA does not contain introns.
A)True
B)False
18
A single-stranded nucleotide sequence that will hybridize with a certain piece of DNA is called a _____.
A)vector
B)plasmid
C)bacteriophage
D)probe
19
A genomic library _____.
A)is a collection of bacterial or bacteriophage clones
B)is made by putting the sliced up pieces of an organism's DNA into vectors
C)both A and B
20
Probes are located by _____.
A)radioactivity
B)fluorescence
C)both A and B
21
Reverse transcriptase can be used to make DNA molecule that lacks introns.
A)True
B)False
22
When a human gene is inserted into a bacterium it cannot contain introns because bacterial cells do not have the necessary enzymes to process primary messenger RNA.
A)True
B)False
23
When a large quantity of gene or protein product is needed _____ is used.
A)gene cloning
B)the polymerase chain reaction
C)both A and B
24
DNA polymerase starts the replication process of PCR.
A)True
B)False
25
The polymerase chain reaction was developed by _____.
A)James Watson and Francis Crick
B)Gregor Mendel
C)Kary Mullis
D)Barbara McClintock
26
PCR can target a specific DNA sequence that is less than one part in a million of the total DNA sample.
A)True
B)False
27
PCR is used to _____.
A)amplify a single gene or smaller piece of DNA
B)create DNA without introns
C)insert foreign DNA into a vector
D)all of the above
28
PCR amplification and analysis can be used to _____.
A)diagnose viral infections
B)identify criminals
C)determine evolutionary relationships of various organisms
D)all of the above
29
It has been possible to sequence DNA taken from a 76,000 year old mummified human brain following PCR amplification.
A)True
B)False
30
Treatment of the genome with restriction enzymes results in a collection of fragments which are the same size called restriction fragment length polymorphisms.
A)True
B)False
31
The restriction fragment length polymorphisms can be separated from one another by _____.
A)autoradiography
B)PCR
C)gel electrophoresis
D)vectors
32
It is not possible to alter the genotype in plants and animals.
A)True
B)False
33
The second enzyme needed for preparation of rDNA is DNA __________.
A)ligase
B)oxidase
C)transcriptase
D)none of the above
34
After the primers bind by complementary base pairing to the DNA strand the DNA polymerase copies the __________.
A)target DNA
B)mRNA
C)rDNA
D)none of the above
35
Transgenic organisms are organisms which _____.
A)are polyploid
B)have foreign genes inserted in them
C)are hybrids
D)all of the above
36
Bacteria have been genetically engineered to produce _____.
A)human growth hormone
B)human insulin
C)hepatitis B vaccine
D)all of the above
37
Human insulin produced by genetically engineered bacteria _____.
A)is exactly the same as insulin produced by normal humans
B)can cause harmful side effects in the people to whom it is given
C)does not function like insulin produced by normal humans
D)all of the above
38
Bacteria engineered to do a better job of decomposing oil are important to the field of _____.
A)agronomy
B)bioremediation
C)oncology
D)none of the above
39
The use of animal organs instead of human organs for transplantation is called _____.
A)autotransplantation
B)allotransplantation
C)xenotransplantation
40
Transplant organs must come from humans or other animals.
A)True
B)False
41
Problems associated with xenotransplantation include _____.
A)objection by some people to the use of animals for this purpose
B)the fear that viruses carried by the animals may cause an epidemic in humans
C)long term survival of the transplanted organs
D)all of the above
42
A working _____ has been produced in the laboratory.
A)liver
B)urinary bladder
C)kidney
D)heart
43
An advantage to the implants created by tissue engineers is that _____.
A)they can easily be withdrawn
B)immune cells are too big to enter the implant and destroy the cells inside
C)the product easily diffuses out of the implant
D)all of the above
44
Ordinary pig organs are often used for xenotransplants because the human immune system does not respond to their presence.
A)True
B)False
45
Genetically engineered plants produce _____.
A)inexpensive antibodies
B)biodegradable plastic
C)a higher yield than hybrid plants developed during the Green Revolution
D)all of the above
46
Foreign genes can be inserted into plant cells that have had the cell wall removed called _____.
A)protoplasts
B)vectors
C)plasmids
D)implants
47
Urine is a preferable vehicle for a biotechnology product because _____.
A)all animals urinate
B)males don't produce milk
C)urination begins at birth
D)all of the above
48
The use of transgenic animals to produce pharmaceuticals is referred to as _____.
A)bioremediation
B)gene pharming
C)gene therapy
D)cloning
49
Muscle cells, nerve cells, and glandular cells have different genes.
A)True
B)False
50
The cloning of an adult vertebrate is impossible.
A)True
B)False
51
Cloning is a form of _____ reproduction.
A)sexual
B)asexual
52
It is estimated that there are _____ human genes.
A)100
B)250
C)500
D)1000+
53
Efficiently sequencing the human genome requires _____.
A)PCR instruments that copy the pieces many times
B)an automatic DNA sequencer that determines the order of the base pairs
C)a computer program to string sequenced pieces together by looking for base sequence overlaps
D)all of the above
54
Only nonprofit biochemical laboratories are involved in the sequencing of the human genome.
A)True
B)False
55
The goal of the Human Genome Project is to _____.
A)construct a genetic map of the human genome
B)construct a base sequence map
C)create defect free individuals
D)both A and B
56
It is known that persons with _____ have a unique site where a restriction enzyme cuts DNA and this difference from the normal is used to test for the defect.
A)hypertension
B)Huntington disease
C)cystic fibrosis
D)Alzheimer disease
57
In vivo gene therapy takes place _____ the body.
A)inside
B)outside
58
There are not any approved human gene therapy trials underway at this time.
A)True
B)False
59
A normal gene may be introduced to the individual undergoing in vivo gene therapy by a _____.
A)retroviruses
B)lipsome
C)adenovirus
D)all of the above
60
Gene therapy _____.
A)involves procedures to give a patient a healthy chromosome to make up for a faulty one
B)is done only inside the body
C)uses genes to treat human illness such as cancer and cardiovascular disease
D)all of the above
61
If a retrovirus was used to introduce a normal gene into a cell which was then returned to the patient ____ gene therapy was performed.
A)in vivo
B)ex vivo
62
Some investigators prefer the use of _____for gene therapy since they can be produced in large quantities and are active even when they are not dividing.
A)retroviruses
B)bacteriophages
C)adenoviruses
D)liposomes
63
Gene therapy for familial hypercholesterolemia uses a retrovirus to insert normal genes into _____ cells.
A)bone marrow stem
B)tumor
C)liver
D)ovarian
64
Gene therapy for treatment of cancer can be used to _____.
A)make healthy cells more tolerant of chemotherapy
B)make tumors more vulnerable to chemotherapy
C)introduce a normal p53 gene into lung cancer tumors
D)all of the above
65
A retrovirus _____.
A)is a DNA virus
B)integrates DNA into the host chromosome
C)is active immediately after insertion into the host cell
D)all of the above
66
In gene therapy _____ is used to carry a normal gene into the genome.
A)complementary DNA
B)messenger RNA
C)recombinant DNA
D)DNA polymerase
67
A disadvantage to using chemotherapy to treat cancer patients is that is often kills off healthy cells as well as cancer cells.
A)True
B)False
68
With a ex vivo method of gene therapy it is possible to test and make sure the gene transfer has occured before the cells are returned to the patient.
A)True
B)False
69
The p53 gene _____
A)is often mutated in tumor cells
B)causes apoptosis in cells with damaged DNA
C)regulates the cell cycle
D)all of the above
70
Gene therapy will likely expand once the Human Genome Project is completed.
A)True
B)False





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