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1 | |
According to psychoanalytic theory, the behavior of a young child who expresses his aggressive instincts whenever he is frustrated is governed by his |
| | A) | id |
| | B) | ego |
| | C) | superego |
| | D) | collective unconscious |
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2 | |
A psychologist who interprets behavior according to Freud's personality structures would attribute a person's guilt about sexual behavior to the |
| | A) | id |
| | B) | ego |
| | C) | superego |
| | D) | sexual archetype |
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3 | |
The behavior of a student who unconsciously distorts reality by forgetting his low grades in order to reduce anxiety is being controlled by |
| | A) | his superego |
| | B) | defense mechanisms |
| | C) | his locus of control |
| | D) | the collective unconscious |
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4 | |
A 5-year-old boy who tells his mother that he wants his father to leave so that the boy can marry the mother is experiencing |
| | A) | an archetype |
| | B) | the Electra complex |
| | C) | self-efficacy |
| | D) | the Oedipus complex |
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5 | |
According to Jung, all people have both masculine and feminine aspects of their personalities. These aspects are |
| | A) | archetypes |
| | B) | ego defenses |
| | C) | self-concepts |
| | D) | traits |
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6 | |
The central concept underlying Adler's individual psychology is |
| | A) | instinctive behavior |
| | B) | the collective unconscious |
| | C) | motivation by purposes and goals |
| | D) | the importance of environmental experiences |
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7 | |
A clinical psychologist who notes that a young man appears to be imitating other people in his life when he is verbally abusive is applying |
| | A) | individual psychology |
| | B) | psychodynamic theory |
| | C) | trait theory |
| | D) | social cognitive theory |
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8 | |
The young man undergoing therapy for his verbally abusive behavior had considered consulting a psychologist several times in the past, but had never done so. His initiation of therapy and his belief that he can change his inappropriate behavior is an example of |
| | A) | a defense mechanism |
| | B) | his self-concept |
| | C) | self-efficacy |
| | D) | overcompensation |
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9 | |
A college student has just failed a test and blames the failure on her procrastination in preparing for the test. This behavior is an example of |
| | A) | an external locus of control |
| | B) | an internal locus of control |
| | C) | learned helplessness |
| | D) | delayed gratification |
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10 | |
A counseling psychologist using a humanistic approach tells a student who has just been arrested for shoplifting that the student is still a good person and that the therapist still likes her. The psychologist's behavior is an example of |
| | A) | providing an ego defense |
| | B) | exploring unconscious motivation |
| | C) | defining the student's traits |
| | D) | expressing unconditional positive regard |
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11 | |
The humanistic counseling psychologist working with the student arrested for shoplifting spends much of their initial session trying to learn what the student thinks about herself, e.g., does she believe she is basically a good person who made a mistake, does she believe she is a good student, and does she believe she can make a contribution to society. The psychologist is trying to determine the student's |
| | A) | ego strength |
| | B) | self-efficacy |
| | C) | self-esteem |
| | D) | locus of control |
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12 | |
A clinical psychologist spends much of her initial therapy sessions determining the extent to which her clients are emotionally stable, open to experience, extraverted, and the like. The psychologist's approach involves |
| | A) | identifying archetypes in the client's collective unconscious |
| | B) | applying social cognitive theory principles |
| | C) | using empirically-keyed tests to identify typical aspects of the client's behavior |
| | D) | using the big five personality factors to structure therapy |
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13 | |
A clinical psychologist who asks a person to tell a story about several ambiguous stimuli such as inkblots or pictures that can be interpreted in various ways is using |
| | A) | a projective test |
| | B) | an empirically-keyed test |
| | C) | a trait inventory |
| | D) | a self-report test |
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14 | |
A clinical psychologist who asks clients to indicate whether they agree or disagree with a number of statements about personality traits or behaviors that could be characteristic of the client is using |
| | A) | a projective test |
| | B) | an empirically-keyed test |
| | C) | a self-report inventory |
| | D) | locus of control scale |
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15 | |
An industrial/organizational psychologist who has been hired to develop a test to select people with the aptitude to become successful security personnel will develop |
| | A) | a projective test |
| | B) | an empirically-keyed test |
| | C) | a self-report inventory |
| | D) | locus of control scale |
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