| affectionate love | Also called companionate love; the type of love that occurs when individuals desire to have the other person near and have a deep, caring affection for the person. p. 540
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| altruism | An unselfish interest in helping someone else. p. 537
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| attitudes | Beliefs or opinions about people, objects, and ideas. p. 512
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| attribution | An idea about why people behave the way they do. p. 507
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| bystander effect | The concept that individuals who observe an emergency help less when someone else is present than when they are alone. p. 538
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| cognitive dissonance | A concept developed by Festinger that refers to an individual's motivation to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) caused by two inconsistent thoughts. p. 512
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| conformity | Involves a change in a person's behavior to coincide more with a group standard. p. 516
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| deindividuation | Occurs when being part of a group reduces personal identity and the sense of responsibility. p. 521
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| discrimination | An unjustified negative or harmful action toward a member of a group simply because he or she is a member of that group. p. 528
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| egoism | Giving to another person to ensure reciprocity, to gain self-esteem, to present oneself as powerful, competent, or caring, or to avoid social and self-censure for failing to live up to normative expectations. p. 537
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| ethnocentrism | The tendency to favor one's own ethnic group over other groups. p. 526
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| fundamental attribution error | The tendency for observers to overestimate the importance of traits and underestimate the importance of situations when they seek explanations of a person's behavior. p. 508
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| group polarization effect | The solidification and further strengthening of a position as a consequence of a group discussion. p. 521
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| groupthink | Involves impaired decision making and avoidance of realistic appraisal to maintain group harmony. p. 522
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| implicit personality theory | The term given to the public or layperson's conception of which personality traits go together in an individual. p. 509
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| impression management (self-presentation) | Involves acting in a way to present an image of oneself as a certain type of person, which might or might not be who one really is. p. 510
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| informational social influence | The influence other people have on us because we want to be right. p. 517
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| normative social influence | The influence that other people have on us because we seek their approval or to avoid their disapproval. p. 517
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| obedience | Behavior that complies with the explicit demands of the individual in authority. p. 518
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| prejudice | An unjustified negative attitude toward an individual based on the individual's membership in a group. p. 526
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| risky shift | The tendency for a group decision to be riskier than the average decision made by individual group members. p. 521
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| romantic love | Also called passionate love; the type of love that has strong components of sexuality and infatuation and often predominates in the early part of a love relationship. p. 540
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| self-monitoring | Individuals' attention to the impressions they make on others and the degree to which they fine-tune their performances accordingly. p. 511
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| social facilitation | Occurs when an individual's performance improves because of the presence of others. p. 520
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| social identity | Refers to the way we define ourselves in terms of group memberships. p. 525
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| social loafing | Each person's tendency to exert less effort in a group because of reduced monitoring. p. 520
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| social psychology | The study of how people think about, influence, and relate to other people. p. 506
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| stereotype | A generalization about a group's characteristics that does not consider any variations from one individual to another. p. 528
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