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An Introduction to the World's Oceans, 10/e
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Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
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Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Chapter 15
Chapter 16
Chapter 17
Chapter 18
Multiple Choice Quiz
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Environmental Issues and Concerns
Multiple Choice Quiz
1
Toxic gases confiscated from Germany at the end of World War II were dumped in the:
A)
Mediterranean Sea.
B)
North Atlantic.
C)
Gulf of Mexico.
D)
South Pacific.
2
Probably more than ____ % of the mass of material dumped at sea is dredged material from ports and waterways.
A)
10
B)
25
C)
40
D)
65
3
It is estimated that between 1890 and 1971 the volume of solid waste dumped into the water of New York Bight could cover Manhattan Island to a depth of ____ meters.
A)
5
B)
10
C)
15
D)
20
4
Today Russia is living with the health and environmental problems caused by the disposal of _____ along the Arctic coast of northwest Russia.
A)
sewage
B)
industrial chemical waste
C)
nuclear waste
D)
obsolete biological weapons
5
It was legal to dump anything into a body of water until the water was polluted up until:
A)
1926.
B)
1948.
C)
1965.
D)
1972.
6
Dumping sewage effluent into the water can lead to a dramatic decrease in the concentration of _____ in the water.
A)
nitrogen
B)
oxygen
C)
carbon dioxide
D)
argon
7
Which of the following organisms would be expected to have the highest concentration of DDT residue?
A)
plankton
B)
minnow
C)
needle fish
D)
cormorant
8
The greatest use and discharge of PCBs into the environment occurred in the early:
A)
1940s.
B)
1950s.
C)
1960s.
D)
1970s.
9
Laws were passed prohibiting the dumping of floatables in the New York Bight in ________.
A)
1934
B)
1896
C)
1903
D)
1964
10
Excess nutrients in surface runoff can be as destructive as pesticides because:
A)
they reduce light penetration in the water.
B)
they stimulate plant growth.
C)
excess plant growth can result in the eventual reduction of oxygen in the water.
D)
they dramatically increase the salinity of the water.
E)
B and C above
11
Minamata disease was caused by this toxin that had been concentrated in shellfish.
A)
lead
B)
mercury
C)
DDT
D)
copper
12
The Gulf of Mexico dead zone is characterized by extremely low levels of ______ in the water.
A)
carbon dioxide
B)
dissolved salts
C)
nitrogen
D)
oxygen
E)
nutrients
13
Which of the following characteristics make plastics particularly hazardous to marine life?
A)
It is durable.
B)
It is strong.
C)
It is abundant.
D)
It is inexpensive to produce.
E)
All of the above are correct.
14
It is estimated that an ordinary plastic six-pack ring could last _________ in the marine environment.
A)
1000 years
B)
450 years
C)
200 years
D)
15 years
E)
6 months
15
The Marine Plastic Pollution and Control Act was passed in:
A)
1987.
B)
1977.
C)
1967.
D)
1957.
E)
1947.
16
The world's greatest oil spill to date occurred:
A)
in 1989 at Valdez, Alaska.
B)
when a drilling platform in the Gulf of Mexico blew out in 1979.
C)
during the 1991 Gulf War in the Persian Gulf.
D)
off the coast of South Africa in 1983.
E)
none of the above
17
Which of the following statements is true?
A)
Crude oil is more toxic to marine life than gasoline.
B)
Crude oil is more toxic to life than diesel fuel.
C)
Refined products such as gasoline and diesel fuel are more toxic to marine life than crude oil.
D)
Crude oil evaporates rapidly and disperses quickly.
E)
Both A and B above are correct.
18
Wetlands are important environments because they provide _______ for marine organisms.
A)
nutrients
B)
food
C)
shelter
D)
nursery grounds
E)
all of the above
19
It is estimated that over ______ percent of the world's mangroves are gone.
A)
20
B)
30
C)
40
D)
50
E)
60
20
Roughly _______ million people make their living by catching, processing, or selling fish.
A)
200
B)
100
C)
50
D)
25
E)
10
21
PCB and DDT
A)
were banned by the EPA
B)
are toxins.
C)
Russia was granted special permission to continue to produce them.
D)
All of the above.
22
Oil spills
A)
are not as difficult to clean as those that take place in open seas.
B)
produce chronic condition from which recovery is quick.
C)
refined product such as gasoline and diesel are more toxic to marine life than crude oil.
D)
portion of the crude oil forms a layer of tar like substrate which is easy to clean off the bottom.
23
Which of the following organisms would you expect to have a higher concentration of DDT residue?
A)
plankton
B)
anchovy
C)
mackerel
D)
shark
24
What is the primary reason for hypoxic areas in the Gulf of Mexico?
A)
seepage from oil wells in the Gulf of Mexico
B)
the addition of fertilizers from agricultural activities
C)
DDT
D)
methyl mercury
25
Since the 1970s both the amount of oil spilled and the number of oil spills by tankers has:
A)
increased.
B)
decreased.
C)
remained the same.
D)
There has been no trend.
26
The greatest oil spill today in terms of the volume spilled was:
A)
Exxon Valdez spill in Alaska, U.S.
B)
Ixtoc 1 spill in Mexico.
C)
Atlantic Princess spill off Tabago, West Indies.
D)
1991 Gulf War spill.
27
Which of the following is a present day transport mechanism for invasive species?
A)
wooden ships that shelter foreign organisms
B)
ballast water carried by ships
C)
antifouling pain
D)
fertilizer runoff from agricultural lands
28
Approximately what percentage of world fish stocks is considered overfished?
A)
100%
B)
70%
C)
40%
D)
25%
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