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| 1 | |
When discussing spontaneous generation and biogenesis, it is important to remember that |
| | A) | these two terms can be used synonymously. |
| | B) | spontaneous generation was widely accepted until about 150 years ago. |
| | C) | biogenesis was an accepted concept in ancient Greece. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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| 2 | |
The scientist who used the swan-neck flask to demonstrate biogenesis was |
| | A) | Redi. |
| | B) | Needham. |
| | C) | Spallanzani. |
| | D) | Pasteur. |
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| 3 | |
Factors influencing whether or not life might have originated on Earth include |
| | A) | water can exist as a liquid on Earth. |
| | B) | organic molecules can be generated in an oxygen-free atmosphere. |
| | C) | organisms exist in extreme environments on Earth. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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| 4 | |
According to the protoplanet nebular model |
| | A) | the original universe consisted primarily of atoms of hydrogen and helium. |
| | B) | the surface of the early Earth was hot and waterless. |
| | C) | after the Earth cooled, the atmosphere was a reducing atmosphere. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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| 5 | |
In order for life to originate on a lifeless planet |
| | A) | organic molecules must be formed from inorganic molecules. |
| | B) | macromolecules must have produced inorganic molecules. |
| | C) | DNA must have been present. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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| 6 | |
According to Oparin and Haldane, |
| | A) | the first organic molecules were formed in the atmosphere. |
| | B) | organic molecules probably arose at a number of different points on the Earth; these molecules eventually merged. |
| | C) | the formation of the initial building blocks of life was probably complete within two or three million years. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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| 7 | |
The experiments of Stanley Miller demonstrated that |
| | A) | complex proteins and DNA could self-assemble in the early Earth atmosphere. |
| | B) | the early Earth atmosphere was rich in both oxygen and carbon dioxide. |
| | C) | nonbiological synthesis of amino acids and simple sugars could occur. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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| 8 | |
Evidence in support of the theory that the first organisms may have been autotrophic include the fact(s) that |
| | A) | many very primitive organisms are autotrophs. |
| | B) | certain organisms synthesize organic molecules from inorganic molecules. |
| | C) | certain organisms live in extremely hot environments. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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| 9 | |
Which of these statements about the reproduction of genetic material is/are true? |
| | A) | DNA can replicate itself without either RNA or enzymes. |
| | B) | Ribozymes produce the nucleotides necessary for DNA or RNA synthesis. |
| | C) | Evidence points to RNA being the first genetic material. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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| 10 | |
Woese's research led to the idea that there are three domains and of these the domain called __________ includes __________ kingdoms. |
| | A) | Archaea / 4 |
| | B) | Archaea / 5 |
| | C) | Eukarya / 4 |
| | D) | Eukarya / 5 |
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| 11 | |
Present-day prokaryotes include |
| | A) | Bacteria, Archaea, and fungi. |
| | B) | Bacteria, Archaea, and blue-green algae. |
| | C) | Archaea, fungi, and blue-green algae. |
| | D) | Bacteria, fungi, and blue-green algae. |
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| 12 | |
The endosymbiotic theory accounts for the presence of the __________ in the eukaryotic cell. |
| | A) | ribosomes and chloroplasts |
| | B) | mitochondria and flagella |
| | C) | mitochondria and chloroplasts |
| | D) | ribosomes and flagella |
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| 13 | |
All organisms have which of the following in common? |
| | A) | DNA is the universal genetic material. |
| | B) | Protein serves as structural material and as enzymes. |
| | C) | ATP is the source of energy. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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| 14 | |
Which was NOT a major component of the early Earth's reducing atmosphere? |
| | A) | H2 |
| | B) | CO2 |
| | C) | NH3 |
| | D) | ozone |
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| 15 | |
Hypothetically, which came first in the evolution of cells? |
| | A) | viruses |
| | B) | anaerobic cells |
| | C) | aerobic cells |
| | D) | eukaryotes |
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| 16 | |
Prokaryotic cells hypothetically came into existence approximately ________ years ago? |
| | A) | 20 billion |
| | B) | 4-5 billion |
| | C) | 3.5 billion |
| | D) | 1.5 billion |
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| 17 | |
According to the Endosymbiotic Theory |
| | A) | chloroplasts were cyanobacteria. |
| | B) | mitochondria were cyanobacteria. |
| | C) | the original cell type was eukaryotic. |
| | D) | microspheres were nuclei. |
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| 18 | |
Which was a source of energy in the early Earth's atmosphere? |
| | A) | ultraviolet light |
| | B) | RNA |
| | C) | X-rays |
| | D) | All of above. |
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| 19 | |
This theory proposes that the solar system was formed from a large cloud of gases: |
| | A) | Endosymbiotic |
| | B) | Protoplanet nebular model |
| | C) | Little Bang |
| | D) | Prebiont |
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| 20 | |
Which of the following is a macromolecule? |
| | A) | H2 |
| | B) | prokaryote |
| | C) | RNA |
| | D) | Ozone |
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| 21 | |
Which one of the following researchers supported spontaneous generation? |
| | A) | Redi |
| | B) | Needham |
| | C) | Spallanzani |
| | D) | Pasteur |
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| 22 | |
The three main kinds of living things Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya and ___________. |
| | A) | species. |
| | B) | kingdoms. |
| | C) | domains. |
| | D) | families. |
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| 23 | |
Miller's apparatus |
| | A) | simulated conditions that may have existed on early Earth. |
| | B) | demonstrated spontaneous generation of cells in a reducing atmosphere. |
| | C) | supported the theory of biogenesis. |
| | D) | contradicted the earlier work of Pasteur. |
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| 24 | |
Which event or step was NOT necessary to produce life from inorganic materials? |
| | A) | Organic molecules must be formed from inorganic molecules. |
| | B) | The inorganic molecules must be collected together and segregated from other molecules by a cell wall. |
| | C) | A molecule that stored genetic information needed to be present. |
| | D) | Ultimately this first cellular unit must be able to reproduce more of itself. |
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| 25 | |
The first cells probably had higher mutation rates than cells today because |
| | A) | RNA served as the genetic material. |
| | B) | there was no protective ozone in the atmosphere. |
| | C) | the first life forms were unstable. |
| | D) | nucleotides had not yet evolved. |
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| 26 | |
The theory that proposes how the first eukaryotic cells evolved is |
| | A) | biogenesis. |
| | B) | spontaneous generation. |
| | C) | the endosymbiotic theory. |
| | D) | the solar nebula theory. |
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