| allegory | a literary device in which objects, persons, or actions are equated with secondary, figurative meanings that underlie their literal meaning
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| canon | a set of rules or standards used to establish proportions
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| democracy | a government in which supreme power is vested in the people
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| dialectical method | a question-and-answer style of inquiry made famous by Socrates
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| empirical method | a method of inquiry depended on direct experience or observation
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| ethics | that branch of philosophy that sets forth the principles of human conduct
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| faience | earthenware treated with colorful glazes
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| frieze | in architecture, a sculptured or ornamented band
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| gable | the triangular section of a wall at the end of a pitched roof
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| genre | a particular category in literature or art, such as the essay (in literature) and portraiture (in painting)
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| hymn | a lyric poem offering divine praise or glorification
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| idealism | (Platonic) the theory that holds that things in the material world are manifestations of an independent realm of unchanging, immaterial ideas of forms
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| kithara | a large version of the lyre (having seven to eleven strings) and the principle instrument of ancient Greek music
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| krater | a vessel used in ancient Greece for mixing wine and water
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| lost wax | (also French, cire-perdu) a method of metal-casting (originating in ancient Mesopotamia) in which a figure is modeled in wax, then enclosed in a clay mold that is fired; the wax melts, and molten metal is poured in to replace it; finally, the clay mold is removed and the solid metal form is polished
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| metope | the square panel between the beam ends under the roof of a structure
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| mode (music) | a type of musical scale characterized by a fixed pattern of pitch and tempo within the octave; because the Greeks associated each of the modes with a different emotional state, it is likely that the mode involved something more than a particular music scale—perhaps a set of rhythms and melodic turns associated with each scale pattern
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| module | a unit of measurement used to determine proportion
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| monophony | (Greek, "one voice") a musical texture consisting of a single unaccompanied line of melody
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| octave | the series of eight tones forming a major or minor scale
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| ode | a lyric poem expressing exalted emotion in honor of a person or special occasion
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| oligarchy | a government in which power lies in the hands of an elite minority
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| order (architecture) | in classical architecture, the parts of a building that stand in fixed and constant relation to each other; the three classical orders are the Doric, the Ionic, and the Corinthian
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| pediment | the triangular space forming the gable of a two-pitched roof in classical architecture; any similar triangular form found over a portico, door, or window
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| portico | a porch with a roof supported by columns
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| scales | (Latin, scala, "ladder") a series of tones arranged in ascending or descending consecutive order; the diatonic scale, characteristic of Western music, consists of eight tones (e.g., the series of notes C, D, E, F, G, A, B, C); the chromatic scale consists of all twelve tones (represented by the twelve piano keys, seven white and five black) of the octave, each a semitone apart
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| syllogism | a deductive scheme of formal argument, consisting of two premises from which a conclusion may be drawn
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| tholos | a circular structure, generally in classical Greek style and probably derived from early tombs
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