| apse | a vaulted semicircular recess at one or both ends of a basilica
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| atrium | the inner courtyard of a Roman house, usually colonnaded and open to the sky
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| basilica | a large, colonnaded hall commonly used for public assemblies, law courts, baths, and marketplaces
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| cartography | the art of making maps or charts
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| eclogue | a pastoral poem, usually involving shepherds in an idyllic rural setting
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| epistle | a formal letter
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| equestrian | mounted on horseback
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| imperium | (Latin, "command," "empire") the civil and military authority exercised by the leaders of ancient Rome (and the root of the English words "imperialism" and "empire"); symbolized in ancient Rome by an eagle-headed scepter and the fasces, an ax bound in a bundle of rods
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| mosaic | a medium by which small pieces of glass or stone are embedded in wet cement on wall and floor surfaces; any picture or pattern made in this manner
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| oratory | the art of public speaking
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| pastoral | pertaining to the country; to shepherds, and the simple rural life; also, any work of art presenting an idealized picture of country life
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| res publica | (Latin, "of the people") a government in which power resides in citizens entitled to vote and is exercised by representatives responsible to them and to a body of law
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| sarcophagus | (plural, sarcophagi) a stone coffin
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| satire | a literary genre that ridicules of pokes fun at human vices and follies
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| terra-cotta | (Italian, "baked earth") a clay medium that may be glazed or painted; also called "earthenware"
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| trompe l'oeil | (French, "fool the eye") a form of illusionistic painting that tries to convince the viewer that the image is real and not painted
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| vault | a roof or ceiling constructed on the arch principle
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| zither | a five- or seven-stringed instrument that is usually plucked with a plectrum and the fingertips; the favorite instrument of ancient China
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