68. The Modern "Civilized World"

1. Materialistic and Nonmaterialistic Ideals
• [Image Berlin restuarant]
• [Image Viennese coffee house]
• [Image Dining]
• [Image Bourgeois family life, c. 1850]
• [Image Bourgeois family, c. 1900]
• [Primary Source Sanitation]
• [Image Ocean liner]
• [Image Transatlantic telegraph]
• [Primary Source Thorstein Veblen, Conspicuous Consumption, 1902]

2. The "Zones" of Civilization
• [Image Heavy industry: AEG complex, Berlin]

69. Basic Demography: The Increase of Europe’s Population

1. European and World Population Growth since 1650
• [Image Thomas Crapper's toilet]

2. Stabilization of European Population

3. Growth of Cities and Urban Life
• [Image London, 1888]
• [Image Berlin, late 19th century]
• [Image AEG factory, Berlin]
• [Image English Midlands: Sheffield, 1854]
• [Image Krupp works, Essen, Ruhr]
• [Image City life: Ford Madox Brown, Work, 1865]
• [Image Cezanne's father reading a newspaper]

4. Migration from Europe, 1850-1940
• [Image Bar Chart: US Immigration 1820-1970]
• [Image Ford Madox Brown, The Last of England, 1855]
• [Image European migrants to Argentina, 1892]

70. The World Economy of the Nineteenth Century

1. The "New Industrial Revolution"
• [Image Electrical turbines]
• [Image Poster, General Elektricitaets society Berlin, 1888]
• [Image Gastambide-Mengin airplane]
• [Image First Cross Channel Flight, 1909]
• [Image Submarine]
• [Primary Source Harold Baron, The Chemical Industry on the Continent]
• [Primary Source Francis Fox, How the Swiss Built the Greatest Tunnel in the World, 1905]
• [Primary Source Suez Canal]
• [Image Filming a Moving picture]
• [Image Radio]
• [Primary Source Anesthetics]
• [Primary Source The X-ray Century]
• [Image X-ray unit]
• [Primary Source Frederick W. Taylor, The Principles of Scientific Management, 1911]

2. Free Trade and the European "Balance of Payments"
• [Image Port of London]

3. The Export of European Capital
• [Image Railroad station, Bombay, 1866]

4. An International Money System: The Gold Standard
• [Primary Source Walter Bagehot, Lombard Street: A Description of the Money Market]

5. A World Market: Unity, Competition-and Insecurity

6. Changes in Organization: Big Business
• [Image Woolworth building, 1913]
• [Image Frederick Krupp AG at Essen,1906]
• [Image Andrew Carnegie]
• [Image J.P. Morgan]

71. The Advance of Democracy: Third French Republic, United Kingdom, German Empire

1. France: The Establishment of the Third Republic
• [Primary Source Manifesto of the Paris Commune]
• [Image Execution of Communards]
• [Image Chamber of Deputies]

2. Troubles of the Third French Republic
• [Image George Boulanger]

3. The Strength and Weakness of the Republic
• [Image Paris Exhibition, 1889]
• [Image French patriotism: Claude Monet, Rue Montargueil with Flags, 1878]

4. The British Constitutional Monarchy
• [Image Queen Victoria]
• [Image William E. Gladstone]
• [Image Second Reform Bill: "A Leap in the Dark"]
• [Image Voting by secret ballot]

5. British Political Changes after 1900
• [Image Herbert Asquith]
• [Image David Lloyd George]
• [Image Coal strike of 1912]

6. The Irish Question
• [Image Ireland mid c19]

7. Bismarck and the German Empire, 1871-1890
• [Image Otto van Bismarck]
• [Primary Source George Makepeace Towle, Bismarck in the Reichstag and at Home, 1880]
• [Primary Source German Banking, 1910]
• [Primary Source German Social Democracy: The Erfurt Program, 1891]
• [Image German Social Welfare System]

8. The German Empire after 1890--William II
• [Image William II opening Reichstag, 1888]
• [Primary Source Bismarck's Fall from Power, 1890]
• [Image Dropping the Pilot]

9. Developments Elsewhere; General Observations
• [Primary Source Filippo Marinetti, The Founding and Manifesto of Futurism, 1909]